Molecular analysis of early host cell infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. 2008

Fernando Villalta, and M Nia Madison, and Yuliya Y Kleshchenko, and Pius N Nde, and Maria F Lima
Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immune Response, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208-3599, USA. fvillalta@mmc.edu

Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas heart disease, infects heart and other cells leading to cardiac arrest frequently followed by death. The disease affects millions of individuals in the Americas and is posing health problems because of blood transmission in the US due to large Latin American immigration. Since the current drugs present serious side effects and do not cure the chronic infection, it is critically important to understand the early process of cellular infection at the molecular and structural levels to design novel inhibitors to block T. cruzi infection. In this review, the authors critically analyze the molecular and cellular basis of early T. cruzi infection and discuss the future directions in this area. The candidate T. cruzi invasive genes and host genes involved in the process of early infection are just beginning to be understood. The trypanosome invasive proteins are excellent targets for intervention. The progress made in the cell biology of T. cruzi infection will also facilitate the development of novel cell-based therapies to ameliorate the disease.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D009439 Neuraminidase An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-2,3, alpha-2,6-, and alpha-2,8-glycosidic linkages (at a decreasing rate, respectively) of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid, and synthetic substrate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) Sialidase,Exo-alpha-Sialidase,N-Acylneuraminate Glycohydrolases,Oligosaccharide Sialidase,Exo alpha Sialidase,Glycohydrolases, N-Acylneuraminate,N Acylneuraminate Glycohydrolases,Sialidase, Oligosaccharide
D003546 Cysteine Endopeptidases ENDOPEPTIDASES which have a cysteine involved in the catalytic process. This group of enzymes is inactivated by CYSTEINE PROTEINASE INHIBITORS such as CYSTATINS and SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS.
D006023 Glycoproteins Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including MUCINS; mucoid, and AMYLOID glycoproteins. C-Glycosylated Proteins,Glycosylated Protein,Glycosylated Proteins,N-Glycosylated Proteins,O-Glycosylated Proteins,Glycoprotein,Neoglycoproteins,Protein, Glycosylated,Proteins, C-Glycosylated,Proteins, Glycosylated,Proteins, N-Glycosylated,Proteins, O-Glycosylated
D006790 Host-Parasite Interactions The relationship between an invertebrate and another organism (the host), one of which lives at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of parasites are pathogenic BACTERIA; FUNGI; VIRUSES; and PLANTS; though they may live parasitically. Host-Parasite Relations,Parasite-Host Relations,Host-Parasite Relationship,Parasite-Host Interactions,Host Parasite Interactions,Host Parasite Relations,Host Parasite Relationship,Host-Parasite Interaction,Host-Parasite Relation,Host-Parasite Relationships,Interaction, Host-Parasite,Interaction, Parasite-Host,Interactions, Host-Parasite,Interactions, Parasite-Host,Parasite Host Interactions,Parasite Host Relations,Parasite-Host Interaction,Parasite-Host Relation,Relation, Host-Parasite,Relation, Parasite-Host,Relations, Host-Parasite,Relations, Parasite-Host,Relationship, Host-Parasite,Relationships, Host-Parasite
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000085822 Prolyl Oligopeptidases A family of serine proteases with specificity for proline-specific cleavage of peptides that are not longer than 30 amino acids. In humans it is broadly distributed in all tissues with higher activity found in the brain. Post-Proline Cleaving Enzyme,Post-Proline Endopeptidase,Proline Endopeptidase,Proline Specific Endopeptidase,Prolyl Endopeptidase,Prolyl Endopeptidase (Thiol-dependent),Prolyl Endopeptidase I,Prolyl Oligopeptidase,Endopeptidase I, Prolyl,Endopeptidase, Post-Proline,Endopeptidase, Proline Specific,Oligopeptidases, Prolyl,Post Proline Cleaving Enzyme,Post Proline Endopeptidase
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012697 Serine Endopeptidases Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis. Serine Endopeptidase,Endopeptidase, Serine,Endopeptidases, Serine
D014349 Trypanosoma cruzi The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. Its vertebrate hosts are man and various domestic and wild animals. Insects of several species are vectors. Trypanosoma cruzus,cruzi, Trypanosoma
D014355 Chagas Disease Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON. Trypanosomiasis, South American,American Trypanosomiasis,Chagas' Disease,Trypanosoma cruzi Infection,Infection, Trypanosoma cruzi,Infections, Trypanosoma cruzi,South American Trypanosomiasis,Trypanosoma cruzi Infections,Trypanosomiasis, American

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