Dysregulation of renal aquaporins and epithelial sodium channel in lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. 2008

Jakob Nielsen, and Tae-Hwan Kwon, and Birgitte Mønster Christensen, and Jørgen Frøkiaer, and Søren Nielsen
The Water and Salt Research Center, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark.

Lithium is used commonly to treat bipolar mood disorders. In addition to its primary therapeutic effects in the central nervous system lithium has a number of side effects in the kidney. The side effects include nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with polyuria, mild sodium wasting, and changes in acid/base balance. These functional changes are associated with marked structural changes in collecting duct cell composition and morphology, likely contributing to the functional changes. Over the past few years, investigations of lithium-induced renal changes have provided novel insight into the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the disturbances in water, sodium, and acid/base metabolism. This includes dysregulation of renal aquaporins, epithelial sodium channel, and acid/base transporters. This review focuses on these issues with the aim to present this in context with clinically relevant features.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007685 Kidney Tubules, Collecting Straight tubes commencing in the radiate part of the kidney cortex where they receive the curved ends of the distal convoluted tubules. In the medulla the collecting tubules of each pyramid converge to join a central tube (duct of Bellini) which opens on the summit of the papilla. Kidney Collecting Ducts,Kidney Collecting Duct,Collecting Duct, Kidney,Collecting Ducts, Kidney
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000450 Aldosterone A hormone secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX that regulates electrolyte and water balance by increasing the renal retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium. Aldosterone, (+-)-Isomer,Aldosterone, (11 beta,17 alpha)-Isomer
D012964 Sodium A member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. Sodium Ion Level,Sodium-23,Ion Level, Sodium,Level, Sodium Ion,Sodium 23
D053503 Epithelial Sodium Channels Sodium channels found on salt-reabsorbing EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the distal NEPHRON; the distal COLON; SALIVARY DUCTS; SWEAT GLANDS; and the LUNG. They are AMILORIDE-sensitive and play a critical role in the control of sodium balance, BLOOD VOLUME, and BLOOD PRESSURE. Epithelial Sodium Channel,Epithelial Sodium Ion Channels,ENaC (Epithelial Na+ Channel),ENaC alpha,ENaC beta,ENaC delta,ENaC gamma,Epithelial Amiloride-Sensitive Sodium Channel,Epithelial Sodium Channel, alpha Subunit,Epithelial Sodium Channel, beta Subunit,Epithelial Sodium Channel, delta Subunit,Epithelial Sodium Channel, gamma Subunit,SCNN1 alpha Subunit,SCNN1 beta Subunit,SCNN1 delta Subunit,SCNN1 gamma Subunit,Sodium Channel, Nonvoltage-gated 1 Protein, alpha Subunit,Sodium Channel, Nonvoltage-gated 1 Protein, beta Subunit,Sodium Channel, Nonvoltage-gated 1 Protein, delta Subunit,Sodium Channel, Nonvoltage-gated 1 Protein, gamma Subunit,Epithelial Amiloride Sensitive Sodium Channel,Sodium Channel, Epithelial,Sodium Channels, Epithelial,alpha Subunit, SCNN1
D018020 Lithium Compounds Inorganic compounds that contain lithium as an integral part of the molecule. Compounds, Lithium
D018500 Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic A genetic or acquired polyuric disorder characterized by persistent hypotonic urine and HYPOKALEMIA. This condition is due to renal tubular insensitivity to VASOPRESSIN and failure to reduce urine volume. It may be the result of mutations of genes encoding VASOPRESSIN RECEPTORS or AQUAPORIN-2; KIDNEY DISEASES; adverse drug effects; or complications from PREGNANCY. ADH-Resistant Diabetes Insipidus,Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus,Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus,Diabetes Insipidus Renalis,Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic, Autosomal,Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic, Type 1,Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic, Type I,Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic, Type II,Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic, X-Linked,Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus,Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, Type I,Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, Type II,Vasopressin-Resistant Diabetes Insipidus
D020346 Aquaporins A class of porins that allow the passage of WATER and other small molecules across CELL MEMBRANES. Aquaporin,Water Channel,Water Channel Protein,Water Channel Proteins,Water Channels,Channel Protein, Water,Channel Proteins, Water,Channel, Water,Channels, Water,Protein, Water Channel,Proteins, Water Channel
D040901 Proteomics The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms. Peptidomics

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