A prophylactically oriented concept of periodontal treatment is inconceivable without purpose-trained personnel. This fact led to the new profession of dental hygienist, being introduced into many countries more than 15 years ago. In Germany, attempts were made to close the gap with the profession of dental assistant (ZMF). This model has, however, proved a failure because--besides the advanced training curriculum not being sufficiently specialized--the demand for dental assistants is far greater than the supply. Many dentists, therefore, employ assistants with relevant training in the form of updating courses. Apart from the fact that this frequently results in legal misgivings, it also fails to meet the demand. For this reason, it is absolutely essential that personnel structures be adapted nationwide to a prophylactically oriented concept of periodontal treatment. Account is being taken of experience already gained abroad, as well as current opportunities for training and advanced training in Germany, including the legal principles valid in this country.