Biomaterial Database

The five D's of botulinum toxin: doses, dilution, diffusion, duration and dogma. 2008

Ana Paula de Sa Earp, and Ellen S Marmur

The Mount Sinai Medical Center, Dermatology, New York, NY, USA. ana_earp@yahoo.com

The purpose of this review is to update cosmetic dermatologists and surgeons on the latest information about botulinum toxin injections for the treatment of the face and neck and to provide a practical guide to effective and safe technique. We review indications, recommended doses and dilutions, storage recommendations and injection techniques.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009333	Neck	The part of a human or animal body connecting the HEAD to the rest of the body.	Necks
D003357	Cosmetic Techniques	Procedures for the improvement or enhancement of the appearance of the visible parts of the body.	Cosmetic Technics,Cosmetic Technic,Cosmetic Technique,Technic, Cosmetic,Technics, Cosmetic,Technique, Cosmetic,Techniques, Cosmetic
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004356	Drug Storage	The process of keeping pharmaceutical products in an appropriate location.	Drug Storages,Storage, Drug,Storages, Drug
D005145	Face	The anterior portion of the head that includes the skin, muscles, and structures of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and jaw.	Faces
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D015595	Skin Aging	The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	Photoaging of Skin,Skin Wrinkling,Solar Aging of Skin,Aging, Skin,Skin Wrinklings,Wrinkling, Skin
D018579	Patient Selection	Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.	Patient Recruitment,Research Subject Recruitment,Selection Criteria,Research Subject Selection,Selection for Treatment,Selection of Research Volunteers,Selection of Subjects,Criteria, Selection,Recruitment, Patient,Recruitment, Research Subject,Recruitments, Research Subject,Research Subject Recruitments,Research Subject Selections,Research Volunteers Selection,Research Volunteers Selections,Selection for Treatments,Selection, Patient,Selection, Research Subject,Selections, Research Subject,Subject Recruitment, Research,Subject Recruitments, Research,Subject Selection, Research,Subject Selections, Research,Subjects Selection,Subjects Selections,Treatment, Selection for,Treatments, Selection for,Volunteers Selection, Research
D019274	Botulinum Toxins, Type A	A serotype of botulinum toxins that has specificity for cleavage of SYNAPTOSOMAL-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 25.	Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A,Botulinum Toxin A,Botulinum Toxin Type A,Botox,Botulinum A Toxin,Botulinum Neurotoxin A,Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A,Clostridium botulinum A Toxin,Meditoxin,Neuronox,Oculinum,Onabotulinumtoxin A,OnabotulinumtoxinA,Vistabel,Vistabex,Neurotoxin A, Botulinum,Toxin A, Botulinum,Toxin, Botulinum A