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Testing of saliva for antibodies to HIV-1. 1991

N Crofts, and S Nicholson, and P Coghlan, and I D Gust
Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Research, Fairfield Hospital, Australia.

To determine whether saliva is a potentially useful sample for screening for HIV infection when serum is not obtainable, saliva and serum samples from 50 HIV-infected and 50 uninfected subjects were tested for antibody to HIV-1 (anti-HIV-1) using a second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Abbott) and prototype antibody-capture ELISA (Wellcome). Of saliva specimens from HIV-infected people, six gave negative results on the Abbott and one on the Wellcome assays; all specimens from uninfected people were negative by both assays. Sensitivity for the Abbott assay was therefore 88.0% [95% confidence interval (Cl) 76.2-94.4%], an unacceptable level for screening purposes. Sensitivity for the Wellcome assay was 98% (95% Cl 89.5-99.6%), a more satisfactory level for population screening. Further validation of this technique is necessary, and of methods for collection of saliva specimens in particular.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D004797 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed. ELISA,Assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Assays, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent,Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays,Immunosorbent Assay, Enzyme-Linked,Immunosorbent Assays, Enzyme-Linked
D005188 False Negative Reactions Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) False Negative Reaction,Reaction, False Negative,Reactions, False Negative
D005260 Female Females
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012463 Saliva The clear, viscous fluid secreted by the SALIVARY GLANDS and mucous glands of the mouth. It contains MUCINS, water, organic salts, and ptylin. Salivas
D012680 Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) Specificity,Sensitivity,Specificity and Sensitivity
D015483 HIV Antibodies Antibodies reactive with HIV ANTIGENS. AIDS Antibodies,HIV-Associated Antibodies,HTLV-III Antibodies,HTLV-III-LAV Antibodies,LAV Antibodies,Lymphadenopathy-Associated Antibodies,T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III Antibodies, Human,HIV Associated Antibodies,HTLV III Antibodies,HTLV III LAV Antibodies,Lymphadenopathy Associated Antibodies,T Lymphotropic Virus Type III Antibodies, Human,Antibodies, AIDS,Antibodies, HIV,Antibodies, HIV Associated,Antibodies, HIV-Associated,Antibodies, HTLV III,Antibodies, HTLV-III,Antibodies, HTLV-III-LAV,Antibodies, LAV,Antibodies, Lymphadenopathy Associated,Antibodies, Lymphadenopathy-Associated
D015492 AIDS Serodiagnosis Immunologic tests for identification of HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) antibodies. They include assays for HIV SEROPOSITIVITY and HIV SERONEGATIVITY that have been developed for screening persons carrying the viral antibody from patients with overt symptoms of AIDS or AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX. AIDS Serology,HIV Serodiagnosis,HTLV-III Serodiagnosis,HTLV-III Serology,Serodiagnosis, AIDS,Serodiagnosis, HIV,Serodiagnosis, HTLV-III,Serology, AIDS,Serology, HTLV-III,AIDS Serodiagnoses,HIV Serodiagnoses,HTLV III Serodiagnosis,HTLV III Serology,HTLV-III Serodiagnoses,Serodiagnoses, AIDS,Serodiagnoses, HIV,Serodiagnoses, HTLV-III,Serodiagnosis, HTLV III,Serology, HTLV III
D015497 HIV-1 The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte. Human immunodeficiency virus 1,HIV-I,Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1,Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, Human

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