Biomaterial Database

Genotoxicity induced by pesticide mixtures: in-vitro studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. 2007

P P Das, and A P Shaik, and K Jamil

Department of Genetics, Bhagwan Mahavir Medical Research Centre, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.

To assess the damage caused by pesticides and their mixtures on humans, we designed in-vitro experiments to evaluate their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Three equimolar pesticide mixtures were investigated for their capability to affect cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The LC50 values for cytotoxicity, using standard trypan blue dye exclusion and calculated by probit analysis, were 4.18, 5.76, and 7.5 microM for endosulfan, carbofuran, and monocrotophos, respectively. When combined in equimolar concentrations, the LC50 values for cytotoxicity were 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0 microM for monocrotophos + carbofuran, endosulfan + monocrotophos, and endosulfan + carbofuran, respectively, using the method. DNA damage was estimated using chromosomal aberrations (chromatid breaks, fragments, gaps, aneuploidy, and satellite association) and comet assays using 1/10 of the LC50 concentrations. Using a standard alkaline comet assay procedure, high concentrations of individual pesticides (0.5-4.0 microM) caused significant DNA damage as indicated by visible tail lengths. Lower concentrations (0.05-0.5 microM) of their binary mixtures could cause the same effect. The results suggest that analysis of genotoxicity may serve as an important biomarker for occupational and household exposure to pesticides, especially mixtures of pesticides, with different modes of action.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007306	Insecticides	Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.	Insecticide
D007928	Lethal Dose 50	The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.	LD50,Dose 50, Lethal
D007963	Leukocytes, Mononuclear	Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.	Mononuclear Leukocyte,Mononuclear Leukocytes,PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,Peripheral Blood Human Mononuclear Cells,Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell,Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,Leukocyte, Mononuclear
D008999	Monocrotophos	An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.	Azodrin,Nuvacron,SD-9,129,SD 9,129,SD9,129
D009152	Mutagenicity Tests	Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.	Genetic Toxicity Tests,Genotoxicity Tests,Mutagen Screening,Tests, Genetic Toxicity,Toxicity Tests, Genetic,Genetic Toxicity Test,Genotoxicity Test,Mutagen Screenings,Mutagenicity Test,Screening, Mutagen,Screenings, Mutagen,Test, Genotoxicity,Tests, Genotoxicity,Toxicity Test, Genetic
D002235	Carbofuran	A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	Bayer 70143,Furadan,NIA-10242,NIA 10242,NIA10242
D002478	Cells, Cultured	Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.	Cultured Cells,Cell, Cultured,Cultured Cell
D004249	DNA Damage	Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.	DNA Injury,DNA Lesion,DNA Lesions,Genotoxic Stress,Stress, Genotoxic,Injury, DNA,DNA Injuries
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004357	Drug Synergism	The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.	Drug Potentiation,Drug Augmentation,Augmentation, Drug,Augmentations, Drug,Drug Augmentations,Drug Potentiations,Drug Synergisms,Potentiation, Drug,Potentiations, Drug,Synergism, Drug,Synergisms, Drug

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