Enterobacter sakazakii: an emerging pathogen in infants and neonates. 2008

Catherine J Hunter, and Mikael Petrosyan, and Henri R Ford, and Nemani V Prasadarao
Department of Surgery, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA. Chunter@chla.usc.edu

BACKGROUND Enterobacter sakazakii (ES) is an emerging pathogen associated with the ingestion of contaminated reconstituted formula that causes necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and meningitis in low-birth-weight preterm neonatal infants. Necrotizing enterocolitis remains the most common gastrointestinal surgical emergency in these infants. In recent years, the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods has ranked ES a "severe hazard for restricted populations." Because of its resistance to certain antibiotics, better understanding of ES pathogenesis is needed to aid in the development of new preventive strategies. METHODS Review of pertinent English-language literature. RESULTS Neonatal and older infants appear to be at the highest risk, although adult ES infections have been reported. We discuss the origins of ES, the detection and pathogenesis of the disease, and potential prevention strategies. CONCLUSIONS The precise pathogenesis of ES remains a mystery. Appropriate measures by parents, infant formula manufacturers, and health care providers, as well as understanding of the pathogenesis, are important in the prevention of ES-related infections.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007223 Infant A child between 1 and 23 months of age. Infants
D007225 Infant Food Food processed and manufactured for the nutritional health of children in their first year of life. Food, Infant,Foods, Infant,Infant Foods
D007230 Infant, Low Birth Weight An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less. Low Birth Weight,Low-Birth-Weight Infant,Birth Weight, Low,Birth Weights, Low,Infant, Low-Birth-Weight,Infants, Low-Birth-Weight,Low Birth Weight Infant,Low Birth Weights,Low-Birth-Weight Infants
D007231 Infant, Newborn An infant during the first 28 days after birth. Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D007234 Infant, Premature A human infant born before 37 weeks of GESTATION. Neonatal Prematurity,Premature Infants,Preterm Infants,Infant, Preterm,Infants, Premature,Infants, Preterm,Premature Infant,Prematurity, Neonatal,Preterm Infant
D007235 Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.
D007422 Intestines The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE. Intestine
D008297 Male Males
D004756 Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE. Enterobacterial Infections,Cronobacter Infections,Infections, Enterobacteriaceae,Infections, Enterobacterial,Cronobacter Infection,Enterobacteriaceae Infection,Enterobacterial Infection,Infection, Cronobacter,Infection, Enterobacteriaceae,Infection, Enterobacterial,Infections, Cronobacter
D004847 Epithelial Cells Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells. Adenomatous Epithelial Cells,Columnar Glandular Epithelial Cells,Cuboidal Glandular Epithelial Cells,Glandular Epithelial Cells,Squamous Cells,Squamous Epithelial Cells,Transitional Epithelial Cells,Adenomatous Epithelial Cell,Cell, Adenomatous Epithelial,Cell, Epithelial,Cell, Glandular Epithelial,Cell, Squamous,Cell, Squamous Epithelial,Cell, Transitional Epithelial,Cells, Adenomatous Epithelial,Cells, Epithelial,Cells, Glandular Epithelial,Cells, Squamous,Cells, Squamous Epithelial,Cells, Transitional Epithelial,Epithelial Cell,Epithelial Cell, Adenomatous,Epithelial Cell, Glandular,Epithelial Cell, Squamous,Epithelial Cell, Transitional,Epithelial Cells, Adenomatous,Epithelial Cells, Glandular,Epithelial Cells, Squamous,Epithelial Cells, Transitional,Glandular Epithelial Cell,Squamous Cell,Squamous Epithelial Cell,Transitional Epithelial Cell

Related Publications

Catherine J Hunter, and Mikael Petrosyan, and Henri R Ford, and Nemani V Prasadarao
January 2005, La Pediatria medica e chirurgica : Medical and surgical pediatrics,
Catherine J Hunter, and Mikael Petrosyan, and Henri R Ford, and Nemani V Prasadarao
April 2006, Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America,
Catherine J Hunter, and Mikael Petrosyan, and Henri R Ford, and Nemani V Prasadarao
April 2007, Minerva pediatrica,
Catherine J Hunter, and Mikael Petrosyan, and Henri R Ford, and Nemani V Prasadarao
March 1988, The Pediatric infectious disease journal,
Catherine J Hunter, and Mikael Petrosyan, and Henri R Ford, and Nemani V Prasadarao
April 2010, Foodborne pathogens and disease,
Catherine J Hunter, and Mikael Petrosyan, and Henri R Ford, and Nemani V Prasadarao
January 2008, The Journal of international medical research,
Catherine J Hunter, and Mikael Petrosyan, and Henri R Ford, and Nemani V Prasadarao
April 1988, The Journal of hospital infection,
Catherine J Hunter, and Mikael Petrosyan, and Henri R Ford, and Nemani V Prasadarao
August 2006, Emerging infectious diseases,
Catherine J Hunter, and Mikael Petrosyan, and Henri R Ford, and Nemani V Prasadarao
March 1987, The Journal of hospital infection,
Catherine J Hunter, and Mikael Petrosyan, and Henri R Ford, and Nemani V Prasadarao
May 1990, The Pediatric infectious disease journal,
Copied contents to your clipboard!