Objective measurements for grading the primary unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. 2008

David M Fisher, and Raymond Tse, and Jeffrey R Marcus
Toronto, Ontario, and Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; and Durham, N.C. From the University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, the Vancouver Island Health Authority, and Duke University, Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this prospective study was to develop and validate an objective means of grading the presurgical unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Our hypotheses are that expert cleft surgeons can reliably rank patients according to their subjective assessment of the degree of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity and that objective anthropometric measurements correlate consistently with this subjective assessment. METHODS Forty consecutive infants with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity were subjectively ranked according to the degree of deformity on standardized presurgical photographs by four senior cleft surgeons. Internal agreement was assessed. Correlations between presurgical anthropometric parameters and the subjective panel rankings were determined. To test the reproducibility of subjective ranking, a random subset of images (n = 15) was also ranked by four external expert cleft surgeons of international reputation. RESULTS There was extremely high agreement of subjective ranking by the expert panels (interclass correlation coefficient, 0.95 for the internal panel and 0.94 for the external panel) and between the two panels (interclass correlation coefficient, 0.97). The nostril width ratio was the most predictive of both internal and external rank scores (r = 0.76, p < 0.0001; and r = 0.81, p = 0.0003, respectively). The columellar angle was also highly predictive of both internal and external expert rank scores (r = 0.73, p < 0.0001; and r = 0.79, p = 0.0005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Experts are reliably able to subjectively rank patients according to the degree of nasal deformity. Measures of the columellar angle and the nostril width ratio vary in a linear fashion with the perceived deformity and may serve as independent and objective indicators of presurgical severity of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007223 Infant A child between 1 and 23 months of age. Infants
D009666 Nose A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES. External Nose,External Noses,Nose, External,Noses,Noses, External
D011446 Prospective Studies Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group. Prospective Study,Studies, Prospective,Study, Prospective
D002869 Chromosome Aberrations Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS. Autosome Abnormalities,Cytogenetic Aberrations,Abnormalities, Autosome,Abnormalities, Chromosomal,Abnormalities, Chromosome,Chromosomal Aberrations,Chromosome Abnormalities,Cytogenetic Abnormalities,Aberration, Chromosomal,Aberration, Chromosome,Aberration, Cytogenetic,Aberrations, Chromosomal,Aberrations, Chromosome,Aberrations, Cytogenetic,Abnormalities, Cytogenetic,Abnormality, Autosome,Abnormality, Chromosomal,Abnormality, Chromosome,Abnormality, Cytogenetic,Autosome Abnormality,Chromosomal Aberration,Chromosomal Abnormalities,Chromosomal Abnormality,Chromosome Aberration,Chromosome Abnormality,Cytogenetic Aberration,Cytogenetic Abnormality
D002971 Cleft Lip Congenital defect in the upper lip where the maxillary prominence fails to merge with the merged medial nasal prominences. It is thought to be caused by faulty migration of the mesoderm in the head region. Harelip,Cleft Lips,Harelips,Lip, Cleft,Lips, Cleft
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000886 Anthropometry The technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human or other primate body.

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