4'-Thioadenosines have been discovered as novel templates for A(3) adenosine ligands. Among these, 4'-thioadenosine-5'-monoalkyluronamides were discovered as novel potent and selective A(3) adenosine receptor agonists, while 4'-thioadenosine-5'-dialkyluronamides and truncated 4'-thioadenosine derivatives exhibited potent and selective antagonism at the A(3) adenosine receptor.