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Spasticity was quantified in nine children with spastic diplegia, using a sinusoidal displacement of the foot at frequencies from 3 to 12Hz. Ankle-joint stiffness was separated into elastic (energy-storing) and viscous (energy-dissipating) components. 'Path length' was used to represent the variation in stiffness over this frequency range. Compared with 11 unaffected children, a significant difference in path lengths was demonstrated for the children with spasticity. An age-dependent effect was demonstrated when path lengths of unaffected children were compared with those of 10 unaffected adults. A modified path-length measure is proposed which minimizes age dependency, yet enables detection of spasticity. Passive stiffness properties of unaffected adults showed higher elastic stiffness, viscosity and friction than unaffected children. A method was developed to evade the need for temporary nerve blocks to calculate inerital properties of the foot in persons with spasticity.
R Price, and
K F Bjornson, and
J F Lehmann, and
J F McLaughlin, and
R M Hays
June 1996,
Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation,
R Price, and
K F Bjornson, and
J F Lehmann, and
J F McLaughlin, and
R M Hays
January 2004,
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference,
R Price, and
K F Bjornson, and
J F Lehmann, and
J F McLaughlin, and
R M Hays
March 2004,
Seminars in pediatric neurology,
R Price, and
K F Bjornson, and
J F Lehmann, and
J F McLaughlin, and
R M Hays
January 2006,
Pediatric neurology,
R Price, and
K F Bjornson, and
J F Lehmann, and
J F McLaughlin, and
R M Hays
April 2011,
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi,
R Price, and
K F Bjornson, and
J F Lehmann, and
J F McLaughlin, and
R M Hays
June 2009,
Seminars in pediatric neurology,
R Price, and
K F Bjornson, and
J F Lehmann, and
J F McLaughlin, and
R M Hays
January 2009,
Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica,
R Price, and
K F Bjornson, and
J F Lehmann, and
J F McLaughlin, and
R M Hays
August 2014,
Iranian journal of pediatrics,
R Price, and
K F Bjornson, and
J F Lehmann, and
J F McLaughlin, and
R M Hays
May 1956,
Nordisk medicin,
R Price, and
K F Bjornson, and
J F Lehmann, and
J F McLaughlin, and
R M Hays
January 2020,
Journal of pediatric health care : official publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners,
