Biomaterial Database

[Altered calcium-phosphorus metabolism and low-protein diet]. 2008

D Santoro, and B Cianciaruso

Istituto di Nefrologia, Università degli Studi, Via Faranda 2, Messina, Italy. dsantoro@unime.it

Many metabolic disorders associated with uremia can affect the long-term survival of patients with chronic kidney disease. Such disorders can be defined as: hypocalcemia, increased levels of phosphorus, reduced synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and serum calcitriol, and reduced expression of vitamin D receptors on parathyroid cells with increased parathyroid hormone levels and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Phosphorus, which plays a crucial role in the progression of progressive renal disease, has been shown to be an independent risk factor for death in hemodialysis patients. Thus, reducing the phosphorus intake by decreasing dietary proteins may slow the progression of renal disease. Hypocalcemia is typically associated with chronic kidney disease. It is due to the reduced intestinal absorption of calcium and the spontaneously reduced protein intake that occur in patients with progressive renal disorders. Activated vitamin D and calcium supplements should be administered to patients who are following low-protein diets to prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism; the doses should be correlated with actual renal function and protein intake.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007676	Kidney Failure, Chronic	The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	ESRD,End-Stage Renal Disease,Renal Disease, End-Stage,Renal Failure, Chronic,Renal Failure, End-Stage,Chronic Kidney Failure,End-Stage Kidney Disease,Chronic Renal Failure,Disease, End-Stage Kidney,Disease, End-Stage Renal,End Stage Kidney Disease,End Stage Renal Disease,End-Stage Renal Failure,Kidney Disease, End-Stage,Renal Disease, End Stage,Renal Failure, End Stage
D010760	Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders	Disorders in the processing of phosphorus in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.	Disorder, Phosphorus Metabolism,Disorders, Phosphorus Metabolism,Metabolism Disorder, Phosphorus,Metabolism Disorders, Phosphorus,Phosphorus Metabolism Disorder
D002128	Calcium Metabolism Disorders	Disorders in the processing of calcium in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization.	Calcium Metabolism Disorder,Disorder, Calcium Metabolism,Disorders, Calcium Metabolism
D002136	Calcium, Dietary	Calcium compounds in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS or in food that supply the body with calcium.	Dietary Calcium
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D016226	Phosphorus, Dietary	Phosphorus used in foods or obtained from food. This element is a major intracellular component which plays an important role in many biochemical pathways relating to normal physiological functions. High concentrations of dietary phosphorus can cause nephrocalcinosis which is associated with impaired kidney function. Low concentrations of dietary phosphorus cause an increase in calcitriol in the blood and osteoporosis.	Dietary Phosphorus
D018753	Diet, Protein-Restricted	A diet that contains limited amounts of protein. It is prescribed in some cases to slow the progression of renal failure. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)	Diet, Low-Protein,Diet, Protein-Free,Low-Protein Diet,Protein-Restricted Diet,Diet, Low Protein,Diet, Protein Free,Diet, Protein Restricted,Diets, Low-Protein,Diets, Protein-Free,Diets, Protein-Restricted,Low Protein Diet,Low-Protein Diets,Protein Restricted Diet,Protein-Free Diet,Protein-Free Diets,Protein-Restricted Diets