Combining matched and unmatched control groups in case-control studies. 2008

Saskia le Cessie, and Nico Nagelkerke, and Frits R Rosendaal, and Karlijn J van Stralen, and Elisabeth R Pomp, and Hans C van Houwelingen
Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, S5-P, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands. cessie@lumc.nl

Multiple control groups in case-control studies are used to control for different sources of confounding. For example, cases can be contrasted with matched controls to adjust for multiple genetic or unknown lifestyle factors and simultaneously contrasted with an unmatched population-based control group. Inclusion of different control groups for a single exposure analysis yields several estimates of the odds ratio, all using only part of the data. Here the authors introduce an easy way to combine odds ratios from several case-control analyses with the same cases. The approach is based upon methods used for meta-analysis but takes into account the fact that the same cases are used and that the estimated odds ratios are therefore correlated. Two ways of estimating this correlation are discussed: sandwich methodology and the bootstrap. Confidence intervals for the pooled estimates and a test for checking whether the odds ratios in the separate case-control studies differ significantly are derived. The performance of the method is studied by simulation and by applying the methods to a large study on risk factors for thrombosis, the MEGA Study (1999-2004), wherein cases with first venous thrombosis were included with a matched control group of partners and an unmatched population-based control group.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D012307 Risk Factors An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, inborn or inherited characteristic, which, based on epidemiological evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent. Health Correlates,Risk Factor Scores,Risk Scores,Social Risk Factors,Population at Risk,Populations at Risk,Correlates, Health,Factor, Risk,Factor, Social Risk,Factors, Social Risk,Risk Factor,Risk Factor Score,Risk Factor, Social,Risk Factors, Social,Risk Score,Score, Risk,Score, Risk Factor,Social Risk Factor
D016001 Confidence Intervals A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable. Confidence Interval,Interval, Confidence,Intervals, Confidence
D016015 Logistic Models Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor. Logistic Regression,Logit Models,Models, Logistic,Logistic Model,Logistic Regressions,Logit Model,Model, Logistic,Model, Logit,Models, Logit,Regression, Logistic,Regressions, Logistic
D016022 Case-Control Studies Comparisons that start with the identification of persons with the disease or outcome of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease or outcome of interest. The relationship of an attribute is examined by comparing both groups with regard to the frequency or levels of outcome over time. Case-Base Studies,Case-Comparison Studies,Case-Referent Studies,Matched Case-Control Studies,Nested Case-Control Studies,Case Control Studies,Case-Compeer Studies,Case-Referrent Studies,Case Base Studies,Case Comparison Studies,Case Control Study,Case Referent Studies,Case Referrent Studies,Case-Comparison Study,Case-Control Studies, Matched,Case-Control Studies, Nested,Case-Control Study,Case-Control Study, Matched,Case-Control Study, Nested,Case-Referent Study,Case-Referrent Study,Matched Case Control Studies,Matched Case-Control Study,Nested Case Control Studies,Nested Case-Control Study,Studies, Case Control,Studies, Case-Base,Studies, Case-Comparison,Studies, Case-Compeer,Studies, Case-Control,Studies, Case-Referent,Studies, Case-Referrent,Studies, Matched Case-Control,Studies, Nested Case-Control,Study, Case Control,Study, Case-Comparison,Study, Case-Control,Study, Case-Referent,Study, Case-Referrent,Study, Matched Case-Control,Study, Nested Case-Control
D020246 Venous Thrombosis The formation or presence of a blood clot (THROMBUS) within a vein. Deep Vein Thrombosis,Phlebothrombosis,Thrombosis, Deep Vein,Thrombosis, Venous,Deep Venous Thrombosis,Deep-Vein Thrombosis,Deep-Venous Thrombosis,Deep Vein Thromboses,Deep Venous Thromboses,Deep-Vein Thromboses,Deep-Venous Thromboses,Phlebothromboses,Thromboses, Deep Vein,Thromboses, Deep Venous,Thromboses, Deep-Vein,Thromboses, Deep-Venous,Thromboses, Venous,Thrombosis, Deep Venous,Thrombosis, Deep-Vein,Thrombosis, Deep-Venous,Vein Thromboses, Deep,Vein Thrombosis, Deep,Venous Thromboses,Venous Thromboses, Deep,Venous Thrombosis, Deep

Related Publications

Saskia le Cessie, and Nico Nagelkerke, and Frits R Rosendaal, and Karlijn J van Stralen, and Elisabeth R Pomp, and Hans C van Houwelingen
April 2010, Statistics in medicine,
Saskia le Cessie, and Nico Nagelkerke, and Frits R Rosendaal, and Karlijn J van Stralen, and Elisabeth R Pomp, and Hans C van Houwelingen
September 2021, American journal of epidemiology,
Saskia le Cessie, and Nico Nagelkerke, and Frits R Rosendaal, and Karlijn J van Stralen, and Elisabeth R Pomp, and Hans C van Houwelingen
December 2013, Statistics in medicine,
Saskia le Cessie, and Nico Nagelkerke, and Frits R Rosendaal, and Karlijn J van Stralen, and Elisabeth R Pomp, and Hans C van Houwelingen
February 1996, American journal of epidemiology,
Saskia le Cessie, and Nico Nagelkerke, and Frits R Rosendaal, and Karlijn J van Stralen, and Elisabeth R Pomp, and Hans C van Houwelingen
July 1999, American journal of epidemiology,
Saskia le Cessie, and Nico Nagelkerke, and Frits R Rosendaal, and Karlijn J van Stralen, and Elisabeth R Pomp, and Hans C van Houwelingen
April 2023, Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift,
Saskia le Cessie, and Nico Nagelkerke, and Frits R Rosendaal, and Karlijn J van Stralen, and Elisabeth R Pomp, and Hans C van Houwelingen
November 1982, American journal of epidemiology,
Saskia le Cessie, and Nico Nagelkerke, and Frits R Rosendaal, and Karlijn J van Stralen, and Elisabeth R Pomp, and Hans C van Houwelingen
April 1987, American journal of epidemiology,
Saskia le Cessie, and Nico Nagelkerke, and Frits R Rosendaal, and Karlijn J van Stralen, and Elisabeth R Pomp, and Hans C van Houwelingen
August 1988, American journal of epidemiology,
Saskia le Cessie, and Nico Nagelkerke, and Frits R Rosendaal, and Karlijn J van Stralen, and Elisabeth R Pomp, and Hans C van Houwelingen
March 2003, Annals of human genetics,
Copied contents to your clipboard!