Biomaterial Database

Expression of AP-2delta in the developing chick retina. 2008

Xiaodong Li, and Darryl D Glubrecht, and Raja Mita, and Roseline Godbout

Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

AP-2 is a family of transcription factors that play important roles during embryonic development. Two AP-2 genes, AP-2alpha and AP-2beta, have previously been characterized in chick retina. Here, we demonstrate that a third member of the chicken AP-2 family, AP-2delta, is primarily expressed in the retina and brain, with highest levels at embryonic days 7 to 11. By in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis, we show that AP-2delta RNA and protein are found in a subset of ganglion cells in embryonic chick retina. Co-immunostaining with anti-Brn3a and anti-AP-2delta antibodies indicates that approximately one-third of Brn3a-positive ganglion cells express AP-2delta. AP-2delta RNA but not AP-2delta protein is also found in cells located in the outer half of the inner nuclear layer. The spatial and temporal distribution of AP-2delta protein in the retina suggests a transient role in a subset of late-born ganglion cells likely involving axonal trafficking or pathfinding.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009419	Nerve Tissue Proteins		Proteins, Nerve Tissue,Tissue Proteins, Nerve
D002642	Chick Embryo	The developmental entity of a fertilized chicken egg (ZYGOTE). The developmental process begins about 24 h before the egg is laid at the BLASTODISC, a small whitish spot on the surface of the EGG YOLK. After 21 days of incubation, the embryo is fully developed before hatching.	Embryo, Chick,Chick Embryos,Embryos, Chick
D005136	Eye Proteins	PROTEINS derived from TISSUES of the EYE.	Proteins, Eye
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001369	Axons	Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.	Axon
D012165	Retinal Ganglion Cells	Neurons of the innermost layer of the retina, the internal plexiform layer. They are of variable sizes and shapes, and their axons project via the OPTIC NERVE to the brain. A small subset of these cells act as photoreceptors with projections to the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS, the center for regulating CIRCADIAN RHYTHM.	Cell, Retinal Ganglion,Cells, Retinal Ganglion,Ganglion Cell, Retinal,Ganglion Cells, Retinal,Retinal Ganglion Cell
D012333	RNA, Messenger	RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.	Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated
D050656	Transcription Factor AP-2	A family of DNA binding proteins that regulate expression of a variety of GENES during CELL DIFFERENTIATION and APOPTOSIS. Family members contain a highly conserved carboxy-terminal basic HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF involved in dimerization and sequence-specific DNA binding.	AP-2 Enhancer Binding Protein,AP-2 alpha Protein,AP-2 beta Protein,AP-2 epsilon Protein,AP-2 gamma Protein,AP-2delta Protein,Activator Protein AP-2,Enhancer-Binding Protein AP-2,TFAP2B Protein,TFAP2alpha Protein,Transcription Factor AP-2 alpha Protein,Transcription Factor AP-2 beta Protein,Transcription Factor AP-2 delta Protein,Transcription Factor AP-2 epsilon Protein,Transcription Factor AP-2 gamma Protein,Transcription Factor AP-2alpha,Transcription Factor AP-2beta,Transcription Factor AP-2epsilon,Transcription Factor AP-2gamma,Transcription Factor AP2,Transcription Factor Ap-2delta,AP 2 Enhancer Binding Protein,AP 2 alpha Protein,AP 2 beta Protein,AP 2 gamma Protein,AP 2delta Protein,AP-2, Activator Protein,AP-2, Enhancer-Binding Protein,AP-2, Transcription Factor,AP-2alpha, Transcription Factor,AP-2beta, Transcription Factor,AP-2epsilon, Transcription Factor,AP-2gamma, Transcription Factor,Activator Protein AP 2,Ap-2delta, Transcription Factor,Enhancer Binding Protein AP 2,Transcription Factor AP 2,Transcription Factor AP 2 alpha Protein,Transcription Factor AP 2 beta Protein,Transcription Factor AP 2 delta Protein,Transcription Factor AP 2 epsilon Protein,Transcription Factor AP 2 gamma Protein,Transcription Factor AP 2alpha,Transcription Factor AP 2beta,Transcription Factor AP 2epsilon,Transcription Factor AP 2gamma,Transcription Factor Ap 2delta
D018507	Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.	Developmental Gene Expression Regulation,Embryologic Gene Expression Regulation,Gene Expression Regulation, Embryologic,Regulation of Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation of Gene Expression, Embryologic,Regulation, Gene Expression, Developmental,Regulation, Gene Expression, Embryologic