Radiological effluents released by U.S. commercial nuclear power plants from 1995-2005. 2008

Jason T Harris, and David W Miller
School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. jastharris@aol.com

Commercial nuclear power plants release gaseous and liquid radiological effluents into the environment as by-products of electrical generation. In the U.S. these releases are monitored by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC) and Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Traditionally these releases have always been well below the regulatory limits. However, the tracking and analysis of nuclear power radiological effluents was stopped in 1994 by several government agencies. The purpose of this study was to compile the entire U.S. industry effluent data, identify trends, and calculate average population dose commitments since that time. Data were taken from radioactive material release reports submitted by each nuclear power plant. Industry trends were identified using the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test. Total collective effective and population doses were estimated using UNSCEAR and U.S. NRC methodologies. Overall, industry releases have been level over the study time period. Public doses continue to be well below 1% of the regulatory limits.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D011829 Radiation Dosage The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv). Sievert Units,Dosage, Radiation,Gray Units,Gy Radiation,Sv Radiation Dose Equivalent,Dosages, Radiation,Radiation Dosages,Units, Gray,Units, Sievert
D011850 Radioactive Waste Liquid, solid, or gaseous waste resulting from mining of radioactive ore, production of reactor fuel materials, reactor operation, processing of irradiated reactor fuels, and related operations, and from use of radioactive materials in research, industry, and medicine. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed) Hazardous Waste, Radioactive,Nuclear Waste,Hazardous Wastes, Radioactive,Nuclear Wastes,Radioactive Hazardous Waste,Radioactive Hazardous Wastes,Radioactive Wastes,Waste, Nuclear,Waste, Radioactive,Waste, Radioactive Hazardous,Wastes, Nuclear,Wastes, Radioactive,Wastes, Radioactive Hazardous
D004781 Environmental Exposure The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals. Exposure, Environmental,Environmental Exposures,Exposures, Environmental
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D014481 United States A country in NORTH AMERICA between CANADA and MEXICO.
D055848 Nuclear Power Plants Facilities that convert NUCLEAR ENERGY into electrical energy. Nuclear Power Plant,Power Plant, Nuclear,Power Plants, Nuclear
D018788 Radioactive Hazard Release Uncontrolled release of radioactive material from its containment. This either threatens to, or does, cause exposure to a radioactive hazard. Such an incident may occur accidentally or deliberately. Accidents, Nuclear,Accidents, Nuclear Reactor,Accidents, Radiation,Nuclear Accidents,Nuclear Reactor Accidents,Radiation Accidents,Accident, Radiation,Radiation Accident,Accident, Nuclear,Accident, Nuclear Reactor,Hazard Release, Radioactive,Hazard Releases, Radioactive,Nuclear Accident,Nuclear Reactor Accident,Radioactive Hazard Releases,Reactor Accident, Nuclear,Reactor Accidents, Nuclear,Release, Radioactive Hazard,Releases, Radioactive Hazard

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