Biomaterial Database

What's new in common upper extremity entrapment neuropathies. 2008

Charles P Toussaint, and Eric L Zager

Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Upper extremity entrapment neuropathies are common and disabling, and correct diagnosis is essential for proper management. This article is a review of the recent developments related to diagnosis and treatment of common upper extremity nerve entrapments, including novel treatment strategies for suprascapular, median, ulnar, and radial nerve entrapments. When combined with classic peripheral nerve examination techniques, innovations in imaging modalities have led to more reliable diagnoses. Innovations in surgical techniques, such as endoscopic approaches, have been controversial as to their effects on patient outcome, but recent randomized controlled trials have provided important information regarding common operative techniques, particularly with regard to carpal tunnel surgery and ulnar nerve transpositions.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009408	Nerve Compression Syndromes	Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.	Entrapment Neuropathies,Nerve Entrapments,External Nerve Compression Syndromes,Internal Nerve Compression Syndromes,Nerve Compression Syndromes, External,Nerve Compression Syndromes, Internal,Compression Syndrome, Nerve,Compression Syndromes, Nerve,Entrapment, Nerve,Entrapments, Nerve,Nerve Compression Syndrome,Nerve Entrapment,Neuropathies, Entrapment,Neuropathy, Entrapment,Syndrome, Nerve Compression,Syndromes, Nerve Compression
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D020423	Median Neuropathy	Disease involving the median nerve, from its origin at the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its termination in the hand. Clinical features include weakness of wrist and finger flexion, forearm pronation, thenar abduction, and loss of sensation over the lateral palm, first three fingers, and radial half of the ring finger. Common sites of injury include the elbow, where the nerve passes through the two heads of the pronator teres muscle (pronator syndrome) and in the carpal tunnel (CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME).	Median Nerve Diseases,Medial Neuropathy, Distal,Median Mononeuropathy,Median Nerve Entrapment,Median Nerve Entrapment Neuropathy,Median Nerve Neuralgia,Median Nerve Neuropathy,Median Neuropathy, Proximal,Neuropathy, Median,Distal Medial Neuropathies,Distal Medial Neuropathy,Entrapment, Median Nerve,Median Mononeuropathies,Median Nerve Disease,Median Nerve Entrapments,Median Nerve Neuralgias,Median Nerve Neuropathies,Median Neuropathies,Mononeuropathy, Median,Nerve Disease, Median,Nerve Entrapment, Median,Nerve Neuropathy, Median,Neuralgia, Median Nerve,Neuropathy, Distal Medial,Neuropathy, Median Nerve,Neuropathy, Proximal Median,Proximal Median Neuropathies,Proximal Median Neuropathy
D020424	Ulnar Neuropathies	Disease involving the ULNAR NERVE from its origin in the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its termination in the hand. Clinical manifestations may include PARESIS or PARALYSIS of wrist flexion, finger flexion, thumb adduction, finger abduction, and finger adduction. Sensation over the medial palm, fifth finger, and ulnar aspect of the ring finger may also be impaired. Common sites of injury include the AXILLA, cubital tunnel at the ELBOW, and Guyon's canal at the wrist. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51 pp43-5)	Ulnar Nerve Diseases,Ulnar Nerve Palsy,Ulnar Neuritis,Nerve Disease, Ulnar,Nerve Diseases, Ulnar,Nerve Palsies, Ulnar,Nerve Palsy, Ulnar,Neuritides, Ulnar,Neuritis, Ulnar,Neuropathies, Ulnar,Neuropathy, Ulnar,Palsies, Ulnar Nerve,Palsy, Ulnar Nerve,Ulnar Nerve Disease,Ulnar Nerve Palsies,Ulnar Neuritides,Ulnar Neuropathy
D020425	Radial Neuropathy	Disease involving the RADIAL NERVE. Clinical features include weakness of elbow extension, elbow flexion, supination of the forearm, wrist and finger extension, and thumb abduction. Sensation may be impaired over regions of the dorsal forearm. Common sites of compression or traumatic injury include the AXILLA and radial groove of the HUMERUS.	Crutch Palsy,Saturday Night Palsy,Cheiralgia Paresthetica,Crutch Paralysis,Lesion, Superficial Radial Nerve,Posterior Interosseous Nerve Syndrome,Radial Mononeuropathy,Radial Nerve Compression,Radial Nerve Diseases,Radial Nerve Entrapment,Radial Nerve Palsy,Radial Palsy,Radial Tunnel Syndrome,Superficial Radial Nerve Lesion,Supinator Syndrome,Wartenberg Syndrome,Wrist-Drop,Cheiralgia Parestheticas,Compression, Radial Nerve,Crutch Palsies,Crutch Paralyses,Entrapment, Radial Nerve,Mononeuropathy, Radial,Nerve Compression, Radial,Nerve Entrapment, Radial,Neuropathy, Radial,Night Palsies, Saturday,Night Palsy, Saturday,Palsies, Saturday Night,Palsy, Crutch,Palsy, Radial,Palsy, Radial Nerve,Palsy, Saturday Night,Paralysis, Crutch,Paresthetica, Cheiralgia,Radial Mononeuropathies,Radial Nerve Compressions,Radial Nerve Disease,Radial Nerve Entrapments,Radial Nerve Palsies,Radial Neuropathies,Radial Palsies,Radial Tunnel Syndromes,Saturday Night Palsies,Supinator Syndromes,Syndrome, Supinator,Tunnel Syndrome, Radial,Wrist Drop
D034941	Upper Extremity	The region of the upper limb in animals, extending from the deltoid region to the HAND, and including the ARM; AXILLA; and SHOULDER.	Extremity, Upper,Membrum superius,Upper Limb,Extremities, Upper,Limb, Upper,Limbs, Upper,Upper Extremities,Upper Limbs