The objective of this study is to obtain reliable data from recent surveys carried out in Italy on the prevalence of overweight (OW) and obesity (OB) in children. We searched in MEDLINE/PubMed, Google and Google Scholar and we included the surveys that fulfilled the following criteria: English or Italian language, time period January 2000-April 2008, target of 6-11 years; BMI evaluated according to IOFT cut-offpoints. Search terms included overweight, obesity, children, Italy, associated with AND/OR. 41 studies have been selected; the percentage of OW varied between 14.7% and 31.3% and OB between 4.3% and 27.3%. In girls, OW values ranged from 11.5% to 34.7% and in boys from 12.6% to 30.1%; in girls, the percentage of OB varied between 4.7% and 29.2%, in boys between 4.4% and 25.8%. There were some variations in the prevalence of OW and OB among diferent regions. The highest values were in Central and Southern Italy, except for Sardinia, where the values were similar to that of Northern Italy. Beyond BMI, the most frequently collected variables were dietary pattern, physical activity, and lifestyle. School is the main site of investigation; third grades (8-9 years) is the most studied age group. The urgency to develop actions to contrast obesity in childhood is confirmed by the prevalence values observed in the Italian regions.