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Monitoring the efficacy of ivermectin and albendazole against gastro intestinal nematodes of cattle in Northern Europe. 2009

J Demeler, and A M J Van Zeveren, and N Kleinschmidt, and J Vercruysse, and J Höglund, and R Koopmann, and J Cabaret, and E Claerebout, and M Areskog, and G von Samson-Himmelstjerna
Institute for Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany. Janina.demeler@tiho-hannover.de

Faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) using ivermectin (IVM) and benzimidazole (BZ) were conducted to investigate the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance in gastro-intestinal nematodes on cattle farms in Germany, Belgium and Sweden in 2006 and 2007. Based on sufficient numbers of eggs prior to the study, between 3 and 10 farms per country were selected. 10-15 animals were randomly selected per farm and subcutaneously treated with 0.2 mg IVM/kg bodyweight (Ivomec, Merial). Faecal samples were collected individually from every animal on day 0 (treatment), day 7 (Belgium & Sweden) or 14 (Germany), and day 21 (Germany, Belgium and Sweden). Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed at each sampling occasion to estimate the eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) and the reduction of eggs after treatment. The FECRT using IVM in 2006 revealed mean reduction of egg counts between 69-100% on day 7/14 (95% confidence interval (CI) 19-102) and 35-96% (95% CI 0-102) on day 21. Farms with a suggested problem of anthelmintic resistance have been re-visited in 2007 and except for one case all results obtained in 2006 were confirmed in 2007. Larvae obtained from faecal cultures were identified using microscopic identification keys or genus-specific real time PCR. Cooperia oncophora was the predominant species detected after treatment, but Ostertagia ostertagi was found in samples on 3 farms in Germany and 3 farms in Sweden post-treatment. In 2007 additionally a FECRT using benzimidazoles was conducted in Germany and Sweden. In Germany oral Valbazen (albendazole, 10%, Pfizer) was used at a concentration of 7.5 mg albendazole/kg bodyweight; in Sweden Valbazen Vet (albendazole, 10%, Orion Pharma) at a dose of 8 mg/kg was used. For benzimidazoles an efficacy of 100% was obtained on all tested farms in both countries. This is the first report of a multinational anthelmintic efficacy investigation in cattle in Europe. The results suggest that testing of anthelmintic efficacy should be performed more intensively due to possible insufficient efficacy of current drugs.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007559 Ivermectin A mixture of mostly avermectin H2B1a (RN 71827-03-7) with some avermectin H2B1b (RN 70209-81-3), which are macrolides from STREPTOMYCES avermitilis. It binds glutamate-gated chloride channel to cause increased permeability and hyperpolarization of nerve and muscle cells. It also interacts with other CHLORIDE CHANNELS. It is a broad spectrum antiparasitic that is active against microfilariae of ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS but not the adult form. Eqvalan,Ivomec,MK-933,Mectizan,Stromectol,MK 933,MK933
D009349 Nematode Infections Infections by nematodes, general or unspecified. Infections, Nematode,Infection, Nematode,Nematode Infection
D002417 Cattle Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor. Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D002418 Cattle Diseases Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus. Bovine Diseases,Bovine Disease,Cattle Disease,Disease, Bovine,Disease, Cattle,Diseases, Bovine,Diseases, Cattle
D004351 Drug Resistance Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration. Resistance, Drug
D005060 Europe The continent north of AFRICA, west of ASIA and east of the ATLANTIC OCEAN. Northern Europe,Southern Europe,Western Europe
D005243 Feces Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
D005767 Gastrointestinal Diseases Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Cholera Infantum,Gastrointestinal Disorders,Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders,Gastrointestinal Disorders, Functional,Disease, Gastrointestinal,Diseases, Gastrointestinal,Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder,Gastrointestinal Disease,Gastrointestinal Disorder,Gastrointestinal Disorder, Functional
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D000871 Anthelmintics Agents that kill parasitic worms. They are used therapeutically in the treatment of HELMINTHIASIS in man and animal. Anthelmintic,Antihelmintic,Vermifuge,Vermifuges,Antihelmintics

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