Biomaterial Database

Drug-acetaldehyde interactions during ethanol metabolism in vitro. 1991

L J Nuñez-Vergara, and J Yudelevich, and J A Squella, and H Speisky

Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago.

Acetaldehyde, at concentrations occurring in vivo was found to avidly react in vitro with several clinically relevant drugs. The greatest reactivity was observed for the hydrazine and hydrazide-containing drugs, hydralazine and isoniazid, respectively. Substantial reactivity was also evidenced for the amine-containing penicillins cyclacillin and ampicillin and for the cephalosporins cephalexin, cephradroxyl and cephradine. However, the virtual lack of reactivity of the amine-containing penicillanic and cephalosporanic acids reveals a major role of the acyl groups of these antibiotics in their reactivity towards acetaldehyde. The presence of moieties which increase the electron density of the amine group appears to favour the molecule reactivity. Amongst several phenylethylamines tested, dopamine and noradrenaline were the most active in forming adducts with acetaldehyde. It is suggested that in vitro binding of acetaldehyde to the above-mentioned drugs could lead in vivo to decreased drug bioavailability, and conceivably the adducts formed may mediate some of the side effects associated with simultaneous drug and alcohol ingestion.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010406	Penicillins	A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)	Antibiotics, Penicillin,Penicillin,Penicillin Antibiotics
D010627	Phenethylamines	A group of compounds that are derivatives of beta- aminoethylbenzene which is structurally and pharmacologically related to amphetamine. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	Phenylethylamines
D002511	Cephalosporins	A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.	Antibiotics, Cephalosporin,Cephalosporanic Acid,Cephalosporin,Cephalosporin Antibiotic,Cephalosporanic Acids,Acid, Cephalosporanic,Acids, Cephalosporanic,Antibiotic, Cephalosporin,Cephalosporin Antibiotics
D004347	Drug Interactions	The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.	Drug Interaction,Interaction, Drug,Interactions, Drug
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D006834	Hydrazines	Substituted derivatives of hydrazine (formula H2N-NH2).	Hydrazide
D000079	Acetaldehyde	A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.	Ethanal
D000428	Alcohol Drinking	Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.	Alcohol Consumption,Alcohol Intake,Drinking, Alcohol,Alcohol Drinking Habits,Alcohol Drinking Habit,Alcohol Intakes,Consumption, Alcohol,Drinking Habit, Alcohol,Habit, Alcohol Drinking,Habits, Alcohol Drinking,Intake, Alcohol
D000431	Ethanol	A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	Alcohol, Ethyl,Absolute Alcohol,Grain Alcohol,Alcohol, Absolute,Alcohol, Grain,Ethyl Alcohol
D001682	Biological Availability	The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.	Availability Equivalency,Bioavailability,Physiologic Availability,Availability, Biologic,Availability, Biological,Availability, Physiologic,Biologic Availability,Availabilities, Biologic,Availabilities, Biological,Availabilities, Physiologic,Availability Equivalencies,Bioavailabilities,Biologic Availabilities,Biological Availabilities,Equivalencies, Availability,Equivalency, Availability,Physiologic Availabilities