Leaching of Diuron, Linuron and their main metabolites in undisturbed field lysimeters. 2009

Ahde El Imache, and Abdelmalek Dahchour, and Btissam Elamrani, and Sylvie Dousset, and Fironzo Pozzonni, and Lucia Guzzella
Faculté des Sciences-Ain Chock, Université Hassan II, Maarif Casablanca, Morocco. elimacheahde@yahoo.fr

The increasing use of pesticides in Morocco raises the potential risk of groundwater contamination, notably in the Gharb area, which has a shallow groundwater table. Thus, the leaching of two phenyl-ureas, diuron and linuron and their metabolites through undisturbed soil columns was studied under outdoor conditions. The soil chosen is a loamy clay soil, representative of the Gharb agricultural area. After four irrigation events were applied from 31/03/2005 to 15/05/2005, leachates contained higher amounts of linuron (from 0.08% to 6.96% of applied linuron) than diuron (from 0% to 0.27%). The greater mobility of linuron might be related to its higher water solubility (64 mg x L(- 1) compared with 42 mg x L(- 1) for diuron) and smaller adsorption coefficient (K(oc) of 400 L x kg(- 1), compared with 480 L x kg(- 1) for diuron). Concerning their metabolites, greater amounts of, N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N, (DCPMU) than N'-3,4-dichlorophenylurea (DCPU) were detected N-dimethylurea in the percolates, from 0% to 0.046% and from 0% to 0.008%, respectively. At the end of the monitoring period, more linuron residues than diuron residues were recovered in the soil profiles, 25.02% and 16.41%, respectively. The diuron residues were found mainly in the 0-20 cm soil layer, whereas linuron residues reached the 20-40 cm soil layer. Under such experimental conditions, linuron leaching, and thus its potential to contaminate groundwater, is greater than that of diuron.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008044 Linuron A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) Afalon
D008782 Methylurea Compounds Urea compounds which are substituted with one or more methyl groups. Compounds, Methylurea
D009018 Morocco A country located in north Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, with a southern border with Western Sahara, eastern border with Algeria. The capital is Rabat. Ifni
D010575 Pesticides Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc. Pesticide
D010671 Phenylurea Compounds Compounds that include the amino-N-phenylamide structure. Phenylcarbamides,Phenylurea Derivatives,Compounds, Phenylurea,Derivatives, Phenylurea
D004237 Diuron A pre-emergent herbicide. DCMU,3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
D000327 Adsorption The adhesion of gases, liquids, or dissolved solids onto a surface. It includes adsorptive phenomena of bacteria and viruses onto surfaces as well. ABSORPTION into the substance may follow but not necessarily. Adsorptions
D000383 Agriculture The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock. Agronomy,Agricultural Development,Farming,Agronomies,Development, Agricultural
D012989 Soil Pollutants Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading. Soil Pollutant,Pollutant, Soil,Pollutants, Soil
D012995 Solubility The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed) Solubilities

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