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After the widespread use of endoscopic sinus surgery and paranasal sinus computed tomography, many variations of nasal turbinates have been described. In addition to the most common one-middle turbinate pneumatization (concha bullosa)-superior and inferior turbinate pneumatizations have also been described. Secondary and accessory middle turbinates that can mimic real middle turbinate are anomalies described in recent years. Paradoxical middle turbinate and bifid inferior turbinate are very rarely encountered anomalies and can be easily recognized in paranasal tomography but can be overlooked by endoscopical examination. In the present study, the computed tomography images of 384 patients were evaluated for nasal turbinate variations, as well as their relations to mucosal pathologies. The most frequent variation was found to be concha bullosa; the least frequent one was found to be bifid inferior turbinate. In 1 of our patients, 5 of the 6 turbinates were found to have pneumatization, which is extremely rarely encountered in the literature. In this study, the prevalence of the variations of the turbinates and their association with chronic rhinosinusitis were investigated.
K Murat Ozcan, and
Adin Selcuk, and
Ibrahim Ozcan, and
Ozgur Akdogan, and
Huseyin Dere
April 2012,
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K Murat Ozcan, and
Adin Selcuk, and
Ibrahim Ozcan, and
Ozgur Akdogan, and
Huseyin Dere
January 1949,
Transactions - American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology. American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology,
K Murat Ozcan, and
Adin Selcuk, and
Ibrahim Ozcan, and
Ozgur Akdogan, and
Huseyin Dere
August 1930,
California and western medicine,
K Murat Ozcan, and
Adin Selcuk, and
Ibrahim Ozcan, and
Ozgur Akdogan, and
Huseyin Dere
January 2016,
Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association,
K Murat Ozcan, and
Adin Selcuk, and
Ibrahim Ozcan, and
Ozgur Akdogan, and
Huseyin Dere
August 1978,
Plastic and reconstructive surgery,
K Murat Ozcan, and
Adin Selcuk, and
Ibrahim Ozcan, and
Ozgur Akdogan, and
Huseyin Dere
May 1979,
Plastic and reconstructive surgery,
K Murat Ozcan, and
Adin Selcuk, and
Ibrahim Ozcan, and
Ozgur Akdogan, and
Huseyin Dere
January 1982,
The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology,
K Murat Ozcan, and
Adin Selcuk, and
Ibrahim Ozcan, and
Ozgur Akdogan, and
Huseyin Dere
January 1990,
Auris, nasus, larynx,
K Murat Ozcan, and
Adin Selcuk, and
Ibrahim Ozcan, and
Ozgur Akdogan, and
Huseyin Dere
January 2016,
Ear, nose, & throat journal,
K Murat Ozcan, and
Adin Selcuk, and
Ibrahim Ozcan, and
Ozgur Akdogan, and
Huseyin Dere
July 2019,
The Journal of craniofacial surgery,
