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Phosphine-free, palladium-catalyzed arylation of heterocycles through C-H bond activation with pivalic acid as a cocatalyst. 2009

Dongbing Zhao, and Weida Wang, and Shuang Lian, and Fei Yang, and Jingbo Lan, and Jingsong You
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, PR China.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010165 Palladium A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.
D010421 Pentanoic Acids Straight-chain CARBOXYLIC ACIDS with the general formula C5H10O2. Acids, Pentanoic
D002110 Caffeine A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling. 1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine,Caffedrine,Coffeinum N,Coffeinum Purrum,Dexitac,Durvitan,No Doz,Percoffedrinol N,Percutaféine,Quick-Pep,Vivarin,Quick Pep,QuickPep
D002384 Catalysis The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction. Catalyses
D006571 Heterocyclic Compounds Cyclic compounds that include atoms other than carbon in their ring structure. Heterocyclic Compound,Compound, Heterocyclic,Compounds, Heterocyclic
D001393 Azoles Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom. Azole
D014050 Toluene A widely used industrial solvent.
D019820 Xanthine A purine base found in most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and some urinary calculi. It is an intermediate in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid, being formed by oxidation of hypoxanthine. The methylated xanthine compounds caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and their derivatives are used in medicine for their bronchodilator effects. (Dorland, 28th ed)

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