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Chemical oxidant potentiates electrically and acetylcholine-induced contraction in rat trachea: possible involvement of cholinesterase inhibition. 1991

T Ohrui, and K Sekizawa, and K Yamauchi, and Y Ohkawara, and H Nakazawa, and T Aikawa, and H Sasaki, and T Takishima
First Department of Internal Medicine, Tohoku University, School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.

To determine the roles of oxidants in airway responsiveness, we studied the effects of the chemical oxidant N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) on the contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) and acetylcholine (ACh) in isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle segments. Effects of NCS on the contractile response to EFS (5 Hz, 20 sec of duration, 50 V) reached the maximum with a 60-min incubation time. NCS potentiated the contractile response to EFS, with a maximum effect at 3 x 10(-7) M and to ACh, with a maximum effect at 3 x 10(-6) M. Thus, at a concentration of 3 x 10(-6) M, NCS significantly decreased log ED50 concentration of ACh from a control value of -5.56 +/- 0.05 to -6.24 +/- 0.06. Physostigmine (10(-7) M), at a concentration that did not alter resting tension, mimicked NCS-induced effects on contractile responses to ACh and EFS with the greater degree of shift in the respective dose-response curves. However, NCS failed to alter dose-response curves to carbachol. Removal of the epithelium shifted the dose-response curves to ACh to lower concentrations, but NCS showed similar effects on dose-response curves to ACh with and without the epithelium. Active staining showed that both acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) and butyrylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8) activities were found in the smooth muscle of the rat trachea. NCS inhibited both enzyme activities from rat tracheal homogenates in a concentration-dependent fashion. These results suggest that NCS potentiates cholinergically induced contraction by decreasing cholinesterase activity and that the oxidation of cholinesterase may cause hyperresponsiveness of airway smooth muscle by inhibition of the enzyme activity.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009119 Muscle Contraction A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments. Inotropism,Muscular Contraction,Contraction, Muscle,Contraction, Muscular,Contractions, Muscle,Contractions, Muscular,Inotropisms,Muscle Contractions,Muscular Contractions
D009130 Muscle, Smooth Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed) Muscle, Involuntary,Smooth Muscle,Involuntary Muscle,Involuntary Muscles,Muscles, Involuntary,Muscles, Smooth,Smooth Muscles
D011919 Rats, Inbred Strains Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding. August Rats,Inbred Rat Strains,Inbred Strain of Rat,Inbred Strain of Rats,Inbred Strains of Rats,Rat, Inbred Strain,August Rat,Inbred Rat Strain,Inbred Strain Rat,Inbred Strain Rats,Inbred Strains Rat,Inbred Strains Rats,Rat Inbred Strain,Rat Inbred Strains,Rat Strain, Inbred,Rat Strains, Inbred,Rat, August,Rat, Inbred Strains,Rats Inbred Strain,Rats Inbred Strains,Rats, August,Rats, Inbred Strain,Strain Rat, Inbred,Strain Rats, Inbred,Strain, Inbred Rat,Strains, Inbred Rat
D002802 Cholinesterases Acylcholineacylhydrolase,Cholase,Cholinesterase
D004305 Dose-Response Relationship, Drug The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug. Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D004357 Drug Synergism The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug. Drug Potentiation,Drug Augmentation,Augmentation, Drug,Augmentations, Drug,Drug Augmentations,Drug Potentiations,Drug Synergisms,Potentiation, Drug,Potentiations, Drug,Synergism, Drug,Synergisms, Drug
D004558 Electric Stimulation Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses. Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D000109 Acetylcholine A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system. 2-(Acetyloxy)-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium,Acetilcolina Cusi,Acetylcholine Bromide,Acetylcholine Chloride,Acetylcholine Fluoride,Acetylcholine Hydroxide,Acetylcholine Iodide,Acetylcholine L-Tartrate,Acetylcholine Perchlorate,Acetylcholine Picrate,Acetylcholine Picrate (1:1),Acetylcholine Sulfate (1:1),Bromoacetylcholine,Chloroacetylcholine,Miochol,Acetylcholine L Tartrate,Bromide, Acetylcholine,Cusi, Acetilcolina,Fluoride, Acetylcholine,Hydroxide, Acetylcholine,Iodide, Acetylcholine,L-Tartrate, Acetylcholine,Perchlorate, Acetylcholine
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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