Earlier research has demonstrated the need for more effective strategies to increase treatment compliance, particularly in drug-free treatment programs. This need is particularly acute given the increased admissions of patients who use multiple drugs. Most efforts in this area have utilized client-targeted interventions to increase participation levels and length of retention. Thus, based on the studies cited in this chapter, counselor-targeted interventions may offer a cost-effective and potent alternative or adjunct to client-targeted interventions that should be the focus of future research.