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We assessed the prevalence of urinary incontinence and contributory factors such as senile dementia, impaired mobility, medication, associated disorders and urinary tract infection in 98 elderly residents of a nursing home. The residents' mean age was 79 years, and 78% were women. Urinary incontinence was found in 47 (48%), of whom 21 had severe urinary incontinence for which they needed to wear diapers. Senile dementia and impaired mobility were observed in 53 (54%) and 45 (46%), respectively. We also found that those with both dementia and impaired mobility had significantly (p less than 0.01) precipitated urinary incontinence. However, no significant effects on urinary incontinence were observed for associated disorders, medication or urinary tract infection. A cystometrogram performed in 73 of the 98 residents revealed detrusor overactivity in 47%. In addition, there were significant correlations between the incidence of detrusor overactivity, and the prevalence of dementia or urinary incontinence. These results suggest that senile dementia and immobility are independent risk factors for urinary incontinence in the elderly, and that detrusor overactivity, which was found to be associated with senile dementia, is a possible cause of urinary incontinence.
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