Biosynthesis and biotechnological production of serotonin derivatives. 2009

Kiyoon Kang, and Sangkyu Park, and Young Soon Kim, and Sungbeom Lee, and Kyoungwhan Back
Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural Plant Stress Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.

Serotonin derivatives belong to a class of phenylpropanoid amides found at low levels in a wide range of plant species. Representative serotonin derivatives include feruloylserotonin (FS) and 4-coumaroylserotonin (CS). Since the first identification of serotonin derivatives in safflower seeds, their occurrence, biological significance, and pharmacological properties have been reported. Recently, serotonin N-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (SHT), which is responsible for the synthesis of serotonin derivatives, was cloned from pepper (Capsicum annuum) and characterized in terms of its enzyme kinetics. Using the SHT gene, many attempts have been made to either increase the level of serotonin derivatives in transgenic plants or produce serotonin derivatives de novo in microbes by dual expression of key genes such as SHT and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL). Due to the strong antioxidant activity and other therapeutic properties of serotonin derivatives, these compounds may have high potential in treatment and prophylaxis, as cosmetic ingredients, and as major components of functional foods or feeds that have health-improving effects. This review examines the biosynthesis of serotonin derivatives, corresponding enzymes, heterologous production in plants or microbes, and their applications.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D010940 Plant Proteins Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which PLANT PROTEINS, DIETARY is available. Plant Protein,Protein, Plant,Proteins, Plant
D002212 Capsicum A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. The hot peppers yield CAPSAICIN, which activates VANILLOID RECEPTORS. Several varieties have sweet or pungent edible fruits that are used as vegetables when fresh and spices when the pods are dried. Bell Pepper,Cayenne Pepper,Chili Pepper,Chilli Pepper,Green Pepper,Jalapeno Pepper,Paprika,Pimiento,Red Pepper,Capsicum annuum,Cayenne,Chile Pepper,Hot Pepper,Sweet Pepper,Bell Peppers,Cayenne Peppers,Chile Peppers,Chili Peppers,Chilli Peppers,Green Peppers,Hot Peppers,Jalapeno Peppers,Pepper, Bell,Pepper, Cayenne,Pepper, Chile,Pepper, Chili,Pepper, Chilli,Pepper, Green,Pepper, Hot,Pepper, Jalapeno,Pepper, Red,Pepper, Sweet,Peppers, Bell,Peppers, Cayenne,Peppers, Chile,Peppers, Chili,Peppers, Chilli,Peppers, Green,Peppers, Hot,Peppers, Jalapeno,Peppers, Red,Peppers, Sweet,Red Peppers,Sweet Peppers
D001419 Bacteria One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive. Eubacteria
D001709 Biotechnology Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction. Biotechnologies
D012701 Serotonin A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator. 5-HT,5-Hydroxytryptamine,3-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol,Enteramine,Hippophaine,Hydroxytryptamine,5 Hydroxytryptamine
D014166 Transferases Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2. Transferase
D053898 Biosynthetic Pathways Sets of enzymatic reactions occurring in organisms and that form biochemicals by making new covalent bonds. Biosynthetic Pathway,Pathway, Biosynthetic,Pathways, Biosynthetic
D030821 Plants, Genetically Modified PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING. Genetically Modified Plants,Plants, Transgenic,Transgenic Plants,GMO Plants,Genetically Engineered Plants,Engineered Plant, Genetically,Engineered Plants, Genetically,GMO Plant,Genetically Engineered Plant,Genetically Modified Plant,Modified Plant, Genetically,Modified Plants, Genetically,Plant, GMO,Plant, Genetically Engineered,Plant, Genetically Modified,Plant, Transgenic,Plants, GMO,Plants, Genetically Engineered,Transgenic Plant

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