Formation of carbocycles by intramolecular conjugate displacement: scope and mechanistic insights. 2009

Lihong Wang, and Bodhuri Prabhudas, and Derrick L J Clive
Chemistry Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada.

A detailed study has been made of a method of ring closure categorized as an all-carbon intramolecular conjugate displacement (ICD). This reaction involves intramolecular addition of a carbanion, which is stabilized by at least one electron-withdrawing group, to a Michael acceptor which has a leaving group in an allylic position. The process formally resembles a combination of Michael addition and S(N)2' displacement. The overall result is formation of a ring with loss of the allylic leaving group and shift of the original double bond to a new location spanning the positions of the electron-withdrawing substituent of the Michael acceptor subunit and the original allylic leaving group. The starting materials are easily prepared by a selenium-based version of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction. The cyclizations are transition metal free and occur under mild conditions, using DBU or Cs(2)CO(3) in MeCN or THF. Acetate is a suitable leaving group and the electron-withdrawing substituent of the Michael acceptor unit can be CO(2)R, SO(2)Ph, or CN. Six- and seven-membered rings are formed efficiently, and complex structures, such as those resembling the core of CP-225,917, are easily assembled. The products of these ICD reactions are themselves classical Michael acceptors. A range of mechanisms probably operates, depending on the structure of the starting material and the reaction conditions, but conclusive evidence for a stepwise mechanism was obtained in a suitably biased case, while other observations are compatible with a concerted process or a stepwise path involving a short-lived carbanion that evades capture by a proton source.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D002244 Carbon A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel. Carbon-12,Vitreous Carbon,Carbon 12,Carbon, Vitreous
D002254 Carbonates Salts or ions of the theoretical carbonic acid, containing the radical CO2(3-). Carbonates are readily decomposed by acids. The carbonates of the alkali metals are water-soluble; all others are insoluble. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Carbonate
D002384 Catalysis The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction. Catalyses
D003500 Cyclization Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed) Cyclizations
D006841 Hydrocarbons, Aromatic Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings. Aromatic Hydrocarbon,Aromatic Hydrocarbons,Hydrocarbon, Aromatic
D000438 Alcohols Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
D000498 Allyl Compounds Alkenes with the general formula H2C Compounds, Allyl
D012643 Selenium An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.97. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. Selenium-80,Selenium 80
D012997 Solvents Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Solvent

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