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[Blood flow in the umbilical vein and artery in pregnancy]. 1991

W Künzel, and V Jovanovic, and S Grüssner
Zentrum für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Giessen.

Transplacental gas exchange and supply of nutritive substances to the foetus is guaranteed by an increase of umbilical blood flow (Qnv). It was investigated, whether the umbilical blood flow (Qnv) is influenced by physiological conditions during pregnancy and if changes occur in the umbilical blood flow velocity wave forms. In this study, 31 pregnant women between the 24th to 40th week of gestation were examined with a pulsed wave duplex scanner ADR Kranzbühler 8150. The mean flow velocity (Vnv) of the umbilical vein and the diameter of the vessel were parameters, which were included in the calculation of the umbilical blood flow. The flow profile of the umbilical artery allowed determination of the maximum systolic frequency (Fmax) and the end-diastolic frequency (Fmin). Based on these data, three indices--RI, PI, S/D ratio were calculated. The blood flow of the umbilical vein (Qnv) shows a linear increase up to the 36th week of gestation and remains at this level thereafter. The increase of umbilical blood flow (Qnv) is mainly caused by an increase of the diameter of the umbilical vein (81%, 26th-40th week of gestation) and to a lesser degree by an increase of the mean flow velocity (Vnv) (18%, 26th-40th week of gestation). The diameter of the vein is highly correlated both with the foetal birth weight (r = 0.60) and the umbilical blood flow (Qnv) (r = 0.73). Throughout pregnancy, flow velocity waveforms showed significant changes of the maximum systolic frequency (Fmax) from 973 Hz (SD 128 Hz; 26th week of gestation) to 1130 Hz (SD 152 Hz; 40th week of gestation) and an increase of the end-diastolic frequency (Fmin) from 246 Hz (SD 58 Hz; 26th week of gestation) to 423 Hz (SD 91 Hz; 40th week of gestation). The higher increase of the end-diastolic frequency (Fmin) results in a decrease of the resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and SD-ratio. None of the investigated cases showed an end-diastolic frequency (Fmin) of less than 200 Hz. These results reveal, that determination of the blood flow of the umbilical vein mainly depends on measuring the diameter of the vessel rather than on measurements of the blood flow velocity (Qnv) of the vein. With the presently available equipment, accurate measurements of the diameter are very difficult. The increase of blood flow of the umbilical vein is not proportional to the foetal growth; moreover, it remains constant from the 36th week of gestation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007091 Image Processing, Computer-Assisted A technique of inputting two-dimensional or three-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer. Biomedical Image Processing,Computer-Assisted Image Processing,Digital Image Processing,Image Analysis, Computer-Assisted,Image Reconstruction,Medical Image Processing,Analysis, Computer-Assisted Image,Computer-Assisted Image Analysis,Computer Assisted Image Analysis,Computer Assisted Image Processing,Computer-Assisted Image Analyses,Image Analyses, Computer-Assisted,Image Analysis, Computer Assisted,Image Processing, Biomedical,Image Processing, Computer Assisted,Image Processing, Digital,Image Processing, Medical,Image Processings, Medical,Image Reconstructions,Medical Image Processings,Processing, Biomedical Image,Processing, Digital Image,Processing, Medical Image,Processings, Digital Image,Processings, Medical Image,Reconstruction, Image,Reconstructions, Image
D007231 Infant, Newborn An infant during the first 28 days after birth. Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D008431 Maternal-Fetal Exchange Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission. Transplacental Exposure,Exchange, Maternal-Fetal,Exposure, Transplacental,Maternal Fetal Exchange
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D011262 Pregnancy Trimester, Second The middle third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 15th through the 28th completed week (99 to 196 days) of gestation. Midtrimester,Pregnancy, Second Trimester,Trimester, Second,Midtrimesters,Pregnancies, Second Trimester,Pregnancy Trimesters, Second,Second Pregnancy Trimester,Second Pregnancy Trimesters,Second Trimester,Second Trimester Pregnancies,Second Trimester Pregnancy,Second Trimesters,Trimesters, Second
D011263 Pregnancy Trimester, Third The last third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 29th through the 42nd completed week (197 to 294 days) of gestation. Pregnancy, Third Trimester,Trimester, Third,Last Trimester,Last Trimesters,Pregnancies, Third Trimester,Pregnancy Trimesters, Third,Third Pregnancy Trimester,Third Pregnancy Trimesters,Third Trimester,Third Trimester Pregnancies,Third Trimester Pregnancy,Third Trimesters,Trimester, Last,Trimesters, Last,Trimesters, Third
D012016 Reference Values The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality. Normal Range,Normal Values,Reference Ranges,Normal Ranges,Normal Value,Range, Normal,Range, Reference,Ranges, Normal,Ranges, Reference,Reference Range,Reference Value,Value, Normal,Value, Reference,Values, Normal,Values, Reference
D001783 Blood Flow Velocity A value equal to the total volume flow divided by the cross-sectional area of the vascular bed. Blood Flow Velocities,Flow Velocities, Blood,Flow Velocity, Blood,Velocities, Blood Flow,Velocity, Blood Flow
D005260 Female Females
D005314 Embryonic and Fetal Development Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES. Embryo and Fetal Development,Prenatal Programming,Programming, Prenatal

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