Acute toxicity assessment of choline by inhalation, intraperitoneal and oral routes in Balb/c mice. 2009

Amit Kumar Mehta, and Naveen Arora, and Shailendra Nath Gaur, and Bhanu Pratap Singh
Allergy and Immunology Section, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi 110007, India.

Studies suggest that choline has potential to be used as a dietary supplement and a drug for immune inflammatory diseases like asthma and rhinitis. But there are apprehensions regarding adverse effects of choline when given orally in high doses. To address this knowledge gap, toxicity assessment of choline chloride was carried out by intranasal (i.n.), oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes in Balb/c mice for 28days. Body weight, food and water consumption of mice were recorded daily. Hematology and clinical chemistry were assessed to check hepatocellular functions and morphological alterations of the cells. Splenocyte counts were analysed for evaluating cellular immunity. Liver function test was performed by assaying different enzyme systems in serum such as, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Body weight, food and water consumption did not differ between mice treated with choline and the saline control group. Hematologic and biochemical variables were not affected with any increase in serum toxicity marker enzymes indicating normal liver functioning. Choline administration did not affect total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein levels as compared to their respective controls. Urea and blood urea nitrogen levels in choline treated mice were not different than controls. Creatinine level was, however, higher than control in i.p. treatment group, but other parameters were normal. In conclusion, the repeated consumption of choline chloride via i.n. and oral or i.p. routes did not cause toxicity in mice in the toxicological endpoints examined.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007274 Injections, Intraperitoneal Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall. Intraperitoneal Injections,Injection, Intraperitoneal,Intraperitoneal Injection
D008297 Male Males
D008807 Mice, Inbred BALB C An inbred strain of mouse that is widely used in IMMUNOLOGY studies and cancer research. BALB C Mice, Inbred,BALB C Mouse, Inbred,Inbred BALB C Mice,Inbred BALB C Mouse,Mice, BALB C,Mouse, BALB C,Mouse, Inbred BALB C,BALB C Mice,BALB C Mouse
D002794 Choline A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. Bursine,Fagine,Vidine,2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium,Choline Bitartrate,Choline Chloride,Choline Citrate,Choline Hydroxide,Choline O-Sulfate,Bitartrate, Choline,Chloride, Choline,Choline O Sulfate,Citrate, Choline,Hydroxide, Choline,O-Sulfate, Choline
D005260 Female Females
D000281 Administration, Intranasal Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa. Drug Administration, Intranasal,Administration, Intranasal Drug,Administration, Nasal,Intranasal Administration,Intranasal Drug Administration,Administrations, Intranasal,Administrations, Intranasal Drug,Administrations, Nasal,Drug Administrations, Intranasal,Intranasal Administrations,Intranasal Drug Administrations,Nasal Administration,Nasal Administrations
D000284 Administration, Oral The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth. Drug Administration, Oral,Administration, Oral Drug,Oral Administration,Oral Drug Administration,Administrations, Oral,Administrations, Oral Drug,Drug Administrations, Oral,Oral Administrations,Oral Drug Administrations
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D023382 Toxicity Tests, Acute Experiments designed to determine the potential toxic effects of one-time, short-term exposure to a chemical or chemicals. Acute Toxicity Tests,Acute Toxicity Test,Test, Acute Toxicity,Tests, Acute Toxicity,Toxicity Test, Acute

Related Publications

Amit Kumar Mehta, and Naveen Arora, and Shailendra Nath Gaur, and Bhanu Pratap Singh
September 2019, Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology,
Amit Kumar Mehta, and Naveen Arora, and Shailendra Nath Gaur, and Bhanu Pratap Singh
November 2023, Foods (Basel, Switzerland),
Amit Kumar Mehta, and Naveen Arora, and Shailendra Nath Gaur, and Bhanu Pratap Singh
January 1985, Journal of toxicology and environmental health,
Amit Kumar Mehta, and Naveen Arora, and Shailendra Nath Gaur, and Bhanu Pratap Singh
October 1984, Cancer research,
Amit Kumar Mehta, and Naveen Arora, and Shailendra Nath Gaur, and Bhanu Pratap Singh
October 2023, Pharmaceutics,
Amit Kumar Mehta, and Naveen Arora, and Shailendra Nath Gaur, and Bhanu Pratap Singh
May 2005, Di 1 jun yi da xue xue bao = Academic journal of the first medical college of PLA,
Amit Kumar Mehta, and Naveen Arora, and Shailendra Nath Gaur, and Bhanu Pratap Singh
September 2019, Environmental analysis, health and toxicology,
Amit Kumar Mehta, and Naveen Arora, and Shailendra Nath Gaur, and Bhanu Pratap Singh
January 2015, Toxicology reports,
Amit Kumar Mehta, and Naveen Arora, and Shailendra Nath Gaur, and Bhanu Pratap Singh
January 1985, Journal of toxicology and environmental health,
Amit Kumar Mehta, and Naveen Arora, and Shailendra Nath Gaur, and Bhanu Pratap Singh
March 2016, Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica,
Copied contents to your clipboard!