OBJECTIVE Local anesthetic bupivacaine is found in two different enantiomers: levobupivacaine - S (-) and dextrobupivacaine - R (+). Based on studies showing that S(-) enantiomers are less cardiotoxic, their use has been increasing in clinical practice. This study aimed at comparing racemic bupivacaine and levobupivacaine in epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean section. METHODS Randomized, double blind clinical trial enrolling physical status ASA I and II parturients. Patients were assigned to receive either 20 mL of 0.5% racemic bupivacaine or 20 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine, both with 10 microg sufentanil and epinephrine 1:200,000. RESULTS Participated in this study 47 patients being 24 in the levobupivacaine group and 23 in the bupivacaine group. Both groups were comparable regarding maternal-fetal characteristics. Fifteen minutes after epidural anesthesia, 62.5% of levobupivacaine group patients experienced Bromage 2 or 3 motor block, whereas the same event was documented in 72.7% of bupivacaine group patients (p = 0.83). After 20 minutes, 66.7% of levobupivacaine group patients experienced Bromage 2 or 3 motor block versus 86.3% of bupivacaine group patients (p = 0.21). Most common complication was hypotension, detected in 16 (66.7%) levobupivacaine group patients and in 10 (43.5%) bupivacaine group patients (p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Levobupivacaine and bupivacaine were equally effective for epidural block in patients undergoing cesarean section.