Effect of nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation on maternal, fetal, and postnatal rat IGF-II profile. 2009

Andrée Gruslin, and Carolyn E Cesta, and Michael Bell, and Qing Qiu, and Maria A Petre, and Alison C Holloway
Division Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department OBS-GYN and Newborn Care, The Ottawa Hospital University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. agruslin@ottawahospital.on.ca

Smoking during pregnancy has been shown to result in an increased risk of low birth weight. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are poorly understood. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays a critical role in the regulation of feto-placental growth and development, and abnormal processing of proIGF-II may alter its biological function. Our goal was to investigate the effects of exposure to nicotine on maternal, fetal, and neonatal IGF-II processing. Nulliparous female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive saline (vehicle) or nicotine bitartrate (1 mg x kg(-1) x d(- 1)). After mating, dams were euthanized at embryonic days 15, 18, and 21, and fetal body weight was recorded. Serum (fetal and maternal) was collected for determination of the IGF-II profile by Western blot analysis. Nicotine exposure prevented the decrease in maternal IGF-II processing seen in controls with advancing gestation. However, there was no influence of nicotine on fetal levels of IGF-II. Postnatally (postnatal day [PND] 21), pups exposed to nicotine in utero had decreased levels of big IGF-II. Our results show, for the first time, that nicotine exposure prevents the decrease of IGF-II processing in the maternal compartment. This may represent a compensatory mechanism allowing the mother to counteract the negative influence of nicotine on fetal growth and development. Our postnatal findings of suppressed IGF-II may help explain some of the long-term health complications seen in individuals exposed to smoking in utero.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007335 Insulin-Like Growth Factor II A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the LIVER and to circulate in the BLOOD. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like and mitogenic activities. The growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on SOMATOTROPIN. It is believed to be a major fetal growth factor in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I, which is a major growth factor in adults. IGF-II,Multiplication-Stimulating Activity,Somatomedin MSA,IGF-2,Insulin Like Growth Factor II,Insulin-Like Somatomedin Peptide II,Multiplication-Stimulating Factor,Somatomedin A,Factor, Multiplication-Stimulating,Insulin Like Somatomedin Peptide II,Multiplication Stimulating Activity,Multiplication Stimulating Factor
D007774 Lactation The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN. Lactation, Prolonged,Milk Secretion,Lactations, Prolonged,Milk Secretions,Prolonged Lactation,Prolonged Lactations
D009538 Nicotine Nicotine is highly toxic alkaloid. It is the prototypical agonist at nicotinic cholinergic receptors where it dramatically stimulates neurons and ultimately blocks synaptic transmission. Nicotine is also important medically because of its presence in tobacco smoke. Nicotine Bitartrate,Nicotine Tartrate
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D011297 Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH. Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure,Late Effects, Prenatal Exposure
D004195 Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D005260 Female Females
D005317 Fetal Growth Retardation Failure of a FETUS to attain expected GROWTH. Growth Retardation, Intrauterine,Intrauterine Growth Retardation,Fetal Growth Restriction,Intrauterine Growth Restriction
D005865 Gestational Age The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated from the onset of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization. It is also estimated to begin from fertilization, estrus, coitus, or artificial insemination. Embryologic Age,Fetal Maturity, Chronologic,Chronologic Fetal Maturity,Fetal Age,Maturity, Chronologic Fetal,Age, Embryologic,Age, Fetal,Age, Gestational,Ages, Embryologic,Ages, Fetal,Ages, Gestational,Embryologic Ages,Fetal Ages,Gestational Ages
D000222 Adaptation, Physiological The non-genetic biological changes of an organism in response to challenges in its ENVIRONMENT. Adaptation, Physiologic,Adaptations, Physiologic,Adaptations, Physiological,Adaptive Plasticity,Phenotypic Plasticity,Physiological Adaptation,Physiologic Adaptation,Physiologic Adaptations,Physiological Adaptations,Plasticity, Adaptive,Plasticity, Phenotypic

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