Dietary pine bark extract reduces atherosclerotic lesion development in male ApoE-deficient mice by lowering the serum cholesterol level. 2009

Masao Sato, and Yasuna Yamada, and Hiromi Matsuoka, and Sawako Nakashima, and Tomoyasu Kamiya, and Motoya Ikeguchi, and Katsumi Imaizumi
Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. masaos@agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Pine bark extract (PBE) mainly contains proanthocyanidin in oligomers. It has many physiological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and so on. In this study, we investigated whether PBE has an anti-atherogenic effect on apoE-deficient mice. Male and female mice were fed a diet based on an AIN-76 formula (control diet), and that diet supplemented with 2% PBE (the PBF diet). The PBE diet, compared with the control diet, resulted in lowering the body weight gain and the adipose tissue weight in both male and female mice. The lesion area of the valve and the levels of serum and liver cholesterol in the male mice decreased on the PBE diet. The PBE diet had no significant effect on the levels of urinary isoprostanes or serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. These results indicate that dietary PBE can have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis development in male apoE-deficient mice by lowering the serum cholesterol level.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D010936 Plant Extracts Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard. Herbal Medicines,Plant Extract,Extract, Plant,Extracts, Plant,Medicines, Herbal
D002784 Cholesterol The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils. Epicholesterol
D005260 Female Females
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001057 Apolipoproteins E A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III. Apo-E,Apo E,Apo E Isoproteins,ApoE,Apolipoprotein E Isoproteins,Apoprotein (E),Apoproteins E,Isoproteins, Apo E,Isoproteins, Apolipoprotein E
D050197 Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. Atherogenesis,Atherogeneses,Atheroscleroses
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus
D018345 Mice, Knockout Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes. Knockout Mice,Mice, Knock-out,Mouse, Knockout,Knock-out Mice,Knockout Mouse,Mice, Knock out
D024301 Plant Bark The outer layer of the woody parts of plants. Bark, Plant,Bark, Tree,Tree Bark,Barks, Plant,Barks, Tree,Plant Barks,Tree Barks

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