Twenty-eight patients with intradural inflammatory disease of the spine were studied in order to characterize the MR imaging findings of infectious and inflammatory conditions. Patients were categorized according to the spinal compartment involved. Among the 12 patients in the intradural extramedullary group, unenhanced scans were either normal or nonspecific while contrast-enhanced scans were helpful in visualizing and localizing the lesion. Nevertheless, contrast-enhanced MR studies were unable to differentiate infection and inflammation from tumor in this compartment. Among 16 patients with intramedullary lesions, four had granulomatous disease and 12 had nongranulomatous disease. The granulomatous lesions resembled tumors and displayed MR characteristics of a focal lesion with large nodular enhancement. The patients with nongranulomatous intramedullary lesions exhibited two subsets of MR findings. In the first subset of nine patients, diffuse cord swelling and high signal were seen on long TR images, combined with either no enhancement or peripheral, diffuse, or speckled enhancement of the spinal cord on contrast-enhanced short TR images. In the second subset of three patients, minimal or no spinal cord swelling was displayed despite the visualization of high signal on long TR scans and nodular enhancement with contrast administration on short TR scans. Both subsets were sufficiently unique that nongranulomatous myelitis could usually be differentiated from spinal cord tumors.