Questions asked by managers, commissioners and policy makers to find out what is, or should be, happening within health visiting services can seem immensely helpful in focusing the mind or clarifying key points. Alternatively, they may feel hostile and accusative, if their starting assumptions are alien to the everyday experience of health visitors. This paper is the first in a short series of three that draw on the experience of providing evidence to the Health Select Committee's 2008 inquiry into health inequalities. A formal process of seeking written evidence was followed up with specific questions in oral session, asked by committee members, trying to find out about how health visiting services relate to health inequalities. This line of questioning reflects concerns expressed elsewhere about the variability of health visiting services across the country and the lack of clear alignment to areas of deprivation, leading to calls for an increase in targeted services, instead of universal ones. This paper explores the notion of 'caseload', the distribution of services according to levels of deprivation and delivery of a universal or targeted health visiting service.