Biomaterial Database

Opioid mu-receptors in medullary raphe region affect the hypoxic ventilation in anesthetized rats. 2009

Zhenxiong Zhang, and Fadi Xu, and Cancan Zhang, and Xiaomin Liang

Pathophysiology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.

Opioids can attenuate the peripheral chemoreceptor-mediated hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) by acting on central mu-type opioid receptors. Since the medullary raphe region (MRR) expresses abundant mu-receptors and participates in modulating HVR, we tested the role of mu-receptors within the caudal, medial, and rostral MRR (cMRR, mMRR, and rMRR) in modulating the HVR. We recorded cardiorespiratory activities and their responses to isocapnic hypoxia in anesthetized rats before and after local microinjection of DAMGO into the MRR, and intravenous administration of DAMGO (100 microg/kg) alone or coupled with a previous local injection of CTAP. Microinjecting DAMGO into the cMRR or mMRR but not the rMRR significantly attenuated the HVR. However, systemic DAMGO-induced HVR attenuation was not significantly affected by pretreating the cMRR and mMRR with CTAP. Our data suggest that cMRR and mMRR mu-receptors are capable of depressing the HVR, while their contribution to the attenuated HVR by systemic DAMGO is limited.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008845	Microinjections	The injection of very small amounts of fluid, often with the aid of a microscope and microsyringes.	Microinjection
D010446	Peptide Fragments	Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.	Peptide Fragment,Fragment, Peptide,Fragments, Peptide
D011903	Raphe Nuclei	Collections of small neurons centrally scattered among many fibers from the level of the TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS in the midbrain to the hypoglossal area in the MEDULLA OBLONGATA.	Caudal Linear Nucleus of the Raphe,Interfascicular Nucleus,Nucleus Incertus,Rostral Linear Nucleus of Raphe,Rostral Linear Nucleus of the Raphe,Superior Central Nucleus,Central Nucleus, Superior,Incertus, Nucleus,Nuclei, Raphe,Nucleus, Interfascicular,Nucleus, Raphe,Nucleus, Superior Central,Raphe Nucleus
D012119	Respiration	The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (	Breathing
D001794	Blood Pressure	PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.	Systolic Pressure,Diastolic Pressure,Pulse Pressure,Pressure, Blood,Pressure, Diastolic,Pressure, Pulse,Pressure, Systolic,Pressures, Systolic
D004333	Drug Administration Routes	The various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and delivered to the target tissue.	Administration Routes, Drug,Administration Route, Drug,Drug Administration Route,Route, Drug Administration,Routes, Drug Administration
D000701	Analgesics, Opioid	Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.	Opioid,Opioid Analgesic,Opioid Analgesics,Opioids,Full Opioid Agonists,Opioid Full Agonists,Opioid Mixed Agonist-Antagonists,Opioid Partial Agonists,Partial Opioid Agonists,Agonist-Antagonists, Opioid Mixed,Agonists, Full Opioid,Agonists, Opioid Full,Agonists, Opioid Partial,Agonists, Partial Opioid,Analgesic, Opioid,Full Agonists, Opioid,Mixed Agonist-Antagonists, Opioid,Opioid Agonists, Full,Opioid Agonists, Partial,Opioid Mixed Agonist Antagonists,Partial Agonists, Opioid
D000704	Analysis of Variance	A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.	ANOVA,Analysis, Variance,Variance Analysis,Analyses, Variance,Variance Analyses
D000758	Anesthesia	A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.