Biomaterial Database

Changes in mRNA length accompany translational regulation of the somatic and testis-specific cytochrome c genes during spermatogenesis in the mouse. 1990

L E Hake, and A A Alcivar, and N B Hecht

Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155.

The mouse testis contains two isotypes of cytochrome c, which differ in 14 of 104 amino acids: cytochrome cs is present in all somatic tissues and cytochrome cT is testis specific. The regulation of cytochrome cS and cytochrome cT gene expression during spermatogenesis was examined by Northern blot analysis using specific cDNA probes. Total RNA was isolated from adult tissues, enriched germinal cell populations and polysomal gradients of total testis and isolated germinal cells. Three cytochrome cS mRNAs were detected averaging 1.3 kb, 1.1 kb and 0.7 kb in all tissues examined; an additional 1.7 kb mRNA was observed in testis. Isolated germinal cells through prepuberal pachytene spermatocytes contained only the three smaller mRNAs; the 1.7 kb mRNA was enriched in round spermatids. All three smaller cytochrome cS mRNAs were present on polysomes; the 1.7 kb mRNA was non-polysomal. Cytochrome cT mRNA of 0.6-0.9 kb was detected in testis; mRNA levels were low in early spermatogonia and peaked in prepuberal pachytene spermatocytes. In adult pachytene spermatocytes, a subset of the cytochrome cT mRNAs, 0.7-0.9 kb, was present on polysomes; a shortened size class, 0.6-0.75 kb, was non-polysomal. A distinct, primarily non-polysomal, cytochrome cT 0.7 kb mRNA was present in round spermatids. These results indicate that (1) both cytochrome cS and cytochrome cT mRNAs are present in early meiotic cells, (2) a 1.7 kb cytochrome cS mRNA is post-meiotically expressed and non-polysomal and (3) cytochrome cS and cytochrome cT mRNAs are each developmentally and translationally regulated during spermatogenesis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007527	Isoenzymes	Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.	Alloenzyme,Allozyme,Isoenzyme,Isozyme,Isozymes,Alloenzymes,Allozymes
D008297	Male		Males
D008815	Mice, Inbred Strains	Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.	Inbred Mouse Strains,Inbred Strain of Mice,Inbred Strain of Mouse,Inbred Strains of Mice,Mouse, Inbred Strain,Inbred Mouse Strain,Mouse Inbred Strain,Mouse Inbred Strains,Mouse Strain, Inbred,Mouse Strains, Inbred,Strain, Inbred Mouse,Strains, Inbred Mouse
D008969	Molecular Sequence Data	Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.	Sequence Data, Molecular,Molecular Sequencing Data,Data, Molecular Sequence,Data, Molecular Sequencing,Sequencing Data, Molecular
D003574	Cytochrome c Group	A group of cytochromes with covalent thioether linkages between either or both of the vinyl side chains of protoheme and the protein. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p539)	Cytochromes Type c,Group, Cytochrome c,Type c, Cytochromes
D005786	Gene Expression Regulation	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.	Gene Action Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression,Expression Regulation, Gene,Regulation, Gene Action,Regulation, Gene Expression
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001483	Base Sequence	The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.	DNA Sequence,Nucleotide Sequence,RNA Sequence,DNA Sequences,Base Sequences,Nucleotide Sequences,RNA Sequences,Sequence, Base,Sequence, DNA,Sequence, Nucleotide,Sequence, RNA,Sequences, Base,Sequences, DNA,Sequences, Nucleotide,Sequences, RNA
D012333	RNA, Messenger	RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.	Messenger RNA,Messenger RNA, Polyadenylated,Poly(A) Tail,Poly(A)+ RNA,Poly(A)+ mRNA,RNA, Messenger, Polyadenylated,RNA, Polyadenylated,mRNA,mRNA, Non-Polyadenylated,mRNA, Polyadenylated,Non-Polyadenylated mRNA,Poly(A) RNA,Polyadenylated mRNA,Non Polyadenylated mRNA,Polyadenylated Messenger RNA,Polyadenylated RNA,RNA, Polyadenylated Messenger,mRNA, Non Polyadenylated
D013091	Spermatogenesis	The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.	Spermatocytogenesis,Spermiogenesis