Effect of Nd:YAG laser and acidulated phosphate fluoride on bovine and human enamel submitted to erosion/abrasion or erosion only: an in vitro preliminary study. 2009

Maria Angela Pita Sobral, and Karina Monteleoni Lachowski, and Wagner de Rossi, and Sheila Regina Maia Braga, and Karen Müller Ramalho
Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. mapsobra@usp.br

OBJECTIVE The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate, using two different methodologies, the effectiveness of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation associated with topical acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) for preventing enamel erosion and structure loss under regimes of erosion and abrasion or erosion only. BACKGROUND An increased incidence of noncarious lesions (erosion and abrasion) has been observed, consequently new preventative therapies have been proposed. METHODS Two different methodologies were performed. For the first, 100 bovine crowns were submitted to four different treatments (n = 25): no treatment (control), 4 min application of APF, Nd:YAG laser irradiation (1 W, 100 mJ, 10 Hz, 141.5 J/cm(2)), and Nd:YAG laser irradiation + 4 min of APF. After the specimens were exposed to citric acid (2% w/v; 30 min), they were submitted to 5000 brushing cycles. Specimen mass was measured before and after the treatments. For the second methodology, 20 human crowns were embedded in acrylic resin and cut surfaces were exposed and polished. The specimens were divided into four groups (n = 10): no treatment (control), APF for 4 min, Nd:YAG laser irradiation (1 W, 100 mJ, 10 Hz, 125 J/cm(2)), and Nd:YAG laser irradiation + APF. The samples were then immersed in citric acid (2% w/v; 90 min). Vickers hardness was obtained before and after the treatments. RESULTS The Nd:YAG laser irradiation + APF (bovine and human enamel) was more effective and yielded statistically significant results for surface microhardness and enamel wear. CONCLUSIONS Nd:YAG laser irradiation associated with APF reduced bovine enamel wear and human enamel softening when samples were submitted to a regime of erosion and abrasion or erosion only in vitro.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007834 Lasers An optical source that emits photons in a coherent beam. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (LASER) is brought about using devices that transform light of varying frequencies into a single intense, nearly nondivergent beam of monochromatic radiation. Lasers operate in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, or X-ray regions of the spectrum. Masers,Continuous Wave Lasers,Pulsed Lasers,Q-Switched Lasers,Continuous Wave Laser,Laser,Laser, Continuous Wave,Laser, Pulsed,Laser, Q-Switched,Lasers, Continuous Wave,Lasers, Pulsed,Lasers, Q-Switched,Maser,Pulsed Laser,Q Switched Lasers,Q-Switched Laser
D002417 Cattle Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor. Beef Cow,Bos grunniens,Bos indicus,Bos indicus Cattle,Bos taurus,Cow,Cow, Domestic,Dairy Cow,Holstein Cow,Indicine Cattle,Taurine Cattle,Taurus Cattle,Yak,Zebu,Beef Cows,Bos indicus Cattles,Cattle, Bos indicus,Cattle, Indicine,Cattle, Taurine,Cattle, Taurus,Cattles, Bos indicus,Cattles, Indicine,Cattles, Taurine,Cattles, Taurus,Cow, Beef,Cow, Dairy,Cow, Holstein,Cows,Dairy Cows,Domestic Cow,Domestic Cows,Indicine Cattles,Taurine Cattles,Taurus Cattles,Yaks,Zebus
D003743 Dental Enamel A hard thin translucent layer of calcified substance which envelops and protects the dentin of the crown of the tooth. It is the hardest substance in the body and is almost entirely composed of calcium salts. Under the microscope, it is composed of thin rods (enamel prisms) held together by cementing substance, and surrounded by an enamel sheath. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p286) Enamel,Enamel Cuticle,Dental Enamels,Enamel, Dental,Enamels, Dental,Cuticle, Enamel,Cuticles, Enamel,Enamel Cuticles,Enamels
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000149 Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride A sodium fluoride solution, paste or powder, which has been acidulated to pH 3 to 4 and buffered with a phosphate. It is used in the prevention of dental caries. Phosphate Fluoride, Acidulated,Acid Phosphate Fluoride,Fluoride, Acid Phosphate,Fluoride, Acidulated Phosphate
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014072 Tooth Abrasion The pathologic wearing away of the tooth substance by brushing, bruxism, clenching, and other mechanical causes. It is differentiated from TOOTH ATTRITION in that this type of wearing away is the result of tooth-to-tooth contact, as in mastication, occurring only on the occlusal, incisal, and proximal surfaces. It differs also from TOOTH EROSION, the progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes not involving bacterial action. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p2) Dental Abrasion,Abrasion, Dental,Abrasion, Tooth
D014077 Tooth Erosion Progressive loss of the hard substance of a tooth by chemical processes that do not involve bacterial action. (Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p296) Dental Enamel Erosion,Dental Erosion,Dental Enamel Erosions,Dental Erosions,Enamel Erosion, Dental,Erosion, Dental,Erosion, Dental Enamel,Erosion, Tooth,Tooth Erosions
D053210 Pharmaceutical Preparations, Dental Drugs intended for DENTISTRY. Drugs, Dental,Dental Drugs,Pharmaceuticals, Dental,Dental Pharmaceutical Preparations,Dental Pharmaceuticals,Preparations, Dental Pharmaceutical
D053844 Lasers, Solid-State Lasers which use a solid, as opposed to a liquid or gas, as the lasing medium. Common materials used are crystals, such as YAG (YTTRIUM aluminum garnet); alexandrite; and CORUNDUM, doped with a rare earth element such as a NEODYMIUM; ERBIUM; or HOLMIUM. The output is sometimes additionally modified by addition of non-linear optical materials such as potassium titanyl phosphate crystal, which for example is used with neodymium YAG lasers to convert the output light to the visible range. Alexandrite Laser,Alexandrite Lasers,Diode Pumped Solid State Laser,Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers,Er-YAG Laser,Er-YAG Lasers,Erbium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser,Erbium YAG Laser,Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser,Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Lasers,Ho YAG Laser,Ho YAG Lasers,Holmium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Lasers,Holmium Laser,Holmium-YAG Laser,Holmium-YAG Lasers,KTP Laser,Laser, Nd-YAG,Nd-YAG Laser,Nd-YAG Lasers,Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser,Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Lasers,Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Laser,Ruby Laser,Ruby Lasers,Solid-State Laser,YAG Laser,YAG Lasers,YLF Laser,YLF Lasers,YSGG Laser,YSGG Lasers,Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser,Yttrium-Lithium-Fluoride Laser,Yttrium-Lithium-Fluoride Lasers,Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium Garnet Laser,Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium Garnet Lasers,Erbium YAG Lasers,Holmium Lasers,KTP Lasers,Lasers, Alexandrite,Lasers, Diode Pumped Solid State,Lasers, Er-YAG,Lasers, Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet,Lasers, Ho-YAG,Lasers, Holmium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet,Lasers, Nd-YAG,Lasers, Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet,Lasers, Ruby,Lasers, YAG,Lasers, Yttrium Aluminum Garnet,Lasers, Yttrium-Lithium-Fluoride,Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Lasers,Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Lasers,Er YAG Laser,Er YAG Lasers,Erbium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Lasers,Ho-YAG Laser,Ho-YAG Lasers,Holmium YAG Laser,Holmium YAG Lasers,Laser, Alexandrite,Laser, Er-YAG,Laser, Erbium YAG,Laser, Ho YAG,Laser, Ho-YAG,Laser, Holmium,Laser, Holmium-YAG,Laser, KTP,Laser, Nd YAG,Laser, Ruby,Laser, Solid-State,Laser, YAG,Laser, YLF,Laser, YSGG,Laser, Yttrium-Lithium-Fluoride,Laser, Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium Garnet,Lasers, Er YAG,Lasers, Erbium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet,Lasers, Erbium YAG,Lasers, Ho YAG,Lasers, Holmium,Lasers, Holmium-YAG,Lasers, KTP,Lasers, Nd YAG,Lasers, Neodymium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet,Lasers, Solid State,Lasers, YLF,Lasers, YSGG,Lasers, Yttrium Lithium Fluoride,Lasers, Yttrium-Scandium-Gallium Garnet,Nd YAG Laser,Nd YAG Lasers,Neodymium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser,Neodymium Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Lasers,Solid State Laser,Solid-State Lasers,YAG Laser, Erbium,YAG Laser, Ho,YAG Lasers, Erbium,YAG Lasers, Ho,Yttrium Lithium Fluoride Laser,Yttrium Lithium Fluoride Lasers,Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet Laser,Yttrium Scandium Gallium Garnet Lasers

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