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High intrinsic chemoresistance contributes to the dismal outcome of patients with disseminated renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In experimental cell lines, two defined defence mechanisms, P-170 glycoprotein and glutathione metabolism, have been established in multidrug resistance, a cross-resistance to cytotoxic compounds without functional or structural similarities. In 21 primary human RCCs, P-170 expression was examined, glutathione content and activities of related enzymes determined and the results were correlated to the degree of in vitro chemoresistance. P-170 was found in 10 of 17 resistant tumors but in none of the sensitive cases. The glutathione content was significantly higher and the related enzyme distinctively enhanced in resistant RCCs. Both mechanisms occurred independently and may well explain the multidrug resistance of RCC. Therefore, reversal of one or both systems may have a clinical impact on the chemotherapy of RCCs.
G Mickisch, and
H Bier, and
W Bergler, and
M Bak, and
R Tschada, and
P Alken
January 1991,
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G Mickisch, and
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June 1994,
International journal of oncology,
G Mickisch, and
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January 1990,
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G Mickisch, and
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January 1994,
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G Mickisch, and
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January 2002,
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G Mickisch, and
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January 1990,
Bulletin du cancer,
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February 2006,
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G Mickisch, and
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January 2000,
Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation,
G Mickisch, and
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January 2008,
Urologic oncology,
