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Several peptides are generated from prosomatostatin (proSS) in addition to somatostatin-14 (SS-14) and somatostatin-28 (SS-28). These are SS-28(1-12), proSS(1-76) and, as shown more recently, proSS(1-63) and antrin. Important variations in the proportion of these molecular forms are seen among different tissues and among different species. Processing of the precursor in the human brain yields minimal quantities of SS-28(1-12) and high levels of proSS(1-76), namely in cortical areas and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. This is in contrast with findings in rat brain, where SS-28(1-12) is a predominant molecular form. Antrin, which corresponds to proSS(1-10), reaches its highest concentration in the antral portion of the stomach (117 +/- 13 pmol/g wet weight), where it is found in secretory granules of delta cells. We observed an inverse relationship between levels of antrin and proSS(1-63) after chromatography of various tissue extracts. This suggests a precursor-product relationship between these two peptides.
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