Biomaterial Database

Cryopreservation of sea urchin embryos (Paracentrotus lividus) applied to marine ecotoxicological studies. 2009

Estefanía Paredes, and Juan Bellas

Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Estrada Colexio Universitario s/n, 36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain. eparedes@uvigo.es

Current strategies for marine pollution monitoring are based on the integration of chemical and biological techniques. The sea urchin embryo-larval bioassays are among the biological methods most widely used worldwide. Cryopreservation of early embryos of sea urchins could provide a useful tool to overcome one of the main limitations of such bioassays, the availability of high quality biological material all year round. The present study aimed to determine the suitability of several permeant (dimethyl sulfoxide, Me(2)SO; propylene glycol, PG; and ethylene glycol, EG) and non-permeant (trehalose, TRE; polyvinylpyrrolidone, PVP) cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) and their combination, for the cryopreservation of eggs and embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. On the basis of the CPAs toxicity, PG and EG, in combination with PVP, seem to be most suitable for the cryopreservation of P. lividus eggs and embryos. Several freezing procedures were also assayed. The most successful freezing regime consisted on cooling from 4 to -12 degrees C at 1 degrees C/min, holding for 2 min for seeding, cooling to -20 degrees C at 0.5 degrees C/min, and then cooling to -35 degrees C at 1 degrees C/min. Maximum normal larvae percentages of 41.5% and 68.5%, and maximum larval growth values of 42.9% and 60.5%, were obtained for frozen fertilized eggs and frozen blastulae, respectively.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007814	Larva	Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.	Maggots,Tadpoles,Larvae,Maggot,Tadpole
D011205	Povidone	A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals; also used as blood volume expander.	Polvidone,Polyvidon,Polyvinylpyrrolidone,Arufil,Bolinan,Bolinan 40,Crospovidone,Dulcilarmes,Duratears Free,Enterodes,Enterodez,Hypotears,Kollidon,Lacophtal,Lacri-Stulln,Lagrifilm,Liquifilm Lagrimas,Nutrivisc,Oculotect,PVP 40,Periston,Plasdone,Polyplasdone XL,Povidone, Unspecified,Protagens,Protagent,Unifluid,Vidirakt S mit PVP,Vidisic PVP Ophtiole,Wet-Comod,Dulcilarme,Enterode,Hypotear,Polyvidons,Protagen,Unspecified Povidone
D003451	Cryoprotective Agents	Substances that provide protection against the harmful effects of freezing temperatures.	Cryoprotective Agent,Cryoprotective Effect,Cryoprotective Effects,Agent, Cryoprotective,Agents, Cryoprotective,Effect, Cryoprotective,Effects, Cryoprotective
D004625	Embryo, Nonmammalian	The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.	Embryonic Structures, Nonmammalian,Embryo, Non-Mammalian,Embryonic Structures, Non-Mammalian,Nonmammalian Embryo,Nonmammalian Embryo Structures,Nonmammalian Embryonic Structures,Embryo Structure, Nonmammalian,Embryo Structures, Nonmammalian,Embryo, Non Mammalian,Embryonic Structure, Non-Mammalian,Embryonic Structure, Nonmammalian,Embryonic Structures, Non Mammalian,Embryos, Non-Mammalian,Embryos, Nonmammalian,Non-Mammalian Embryo,Non-Mammalian Embryonic Structure,Non-Mammalian Embryonic Structures,Non-Mammalian Embryos,Nonmammalian Embryo Structure,Nonmammalian Embryonic Structure,Nonmammalian Embryos,Structure, Non-Mammalian Embryonic,Structure, Nonmammalian Embryo,Structure, Nonmammalian Embryonic,Structures, Non-Mammalian Embryonic,Structures, Nonmammalian Embryo,Structures, Nonmammalian Embryonic
D005260	Female		Females
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001681	Biological Assay	A method of measuring the effects of a biologically active substance using an intermediate in vivo or in vitro tissue or cell model under controlled conditions. It includes virulence studies in animal fetuses in utero, mouse convulsion bioassay of insulin, quantitation of tumor-initiator systems in mouse skin, calculation of potentiating effects of a hormonal factor in an isolated strip of contracting stomach muscle, etc.	Bioassay,Assay, Biological,Assays, Biological,Biologic Assay,Biologic Assays,Assay, Biologic,Assays, Biologic,Bioassays,Biological Assays
D014876	Water Pollution	Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)	Thermal Water Pollution,Water Pollution, Thermal,Pollution, Thermal Water,Pollution, Water,Pollutions, Thermal Water,Pollutions, Water,Thermal Water Pollutions,Water Pollutions,Water Pollutions, Thermal
D015925	Cryopreservation	Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.	Cryofixation,Cryonic Suspension,Cryonic Suspensions,Suspension, Cryonic
D047328	Paracentrotus	A genus of SEA URCHINS in the family Echinidae found primarily on the western coasts of Ireland.	Paracentrotus lividus