Biomaterial Database

Recycling iron in normal and pathological states. 2009

Carole Beaumont, and Constance Delaby

INSERM U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat Beaujon, Université Paris Diderot Paris, UFR de Médecine site Bichat, Paris, France. carole.beaumont@inserm.fr

Important advances in our understanding of iron metabolism have been made during the past 10 years, highlighting the mechanisms by which dysregulated iron homeostasis leads to hematologic, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, the discovery of hepcidin and its fundamental role as the hormonal peptide regulating iron metabolism has delineated the organization of the complex network of proteins that regulates iron metabolism within the body. Maintenance of iron homeostasis is the consequence of tight coordination between iron absorption from the diet by enterocytes, and iron recycling by macrophages following degradation of senescent erythrocytes. Thus, any perturbation of these processes leads to a wide spectrum of diseases, ranging from iron deficiency anemia to iron overload. This review will focus particularly on the mechanisms involved in iron recycling by macrophages and summarize the pathological conditions perturbing this process.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007408	Intestinal Absorption	Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.	Absorption, Intestinal
D007501	Iron	A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.	Iron-56,Iron 56
D008264	Macrophages	The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)	Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages,Monocyte-Derived Macrophages,Macrophage,Macrophages, Monocyte-Derived,Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages,Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage,Macrophage, Bone Marrow-Derived,Macrophage, Monocyte-Derived,Macrophages, Bone Marrow-Derived,Macrophages, Monocyte Derived,Monocyte Derived Macrophages,Monocyte-Derived Macrophage
D004920	Erythropoiesis	The production of red blood cells (ERYTHROCYTES). In humans, erythrocytes are produced by the YOLK SAC in the first trimester; by the liver in the second trimester; by the BONE MARROW in the third trimester and after birth. In normal individuals, the erythrocyte count in the peripheral blood remains relatively constant implying a balance between the rate of erythrocyte production and rate of destruction.	Erythropoieses
D006706	Homeostasis	The processes whereby the internal environment of an organism tends to remain balanced and stable.	Autoregulation
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D019189	Iron Metabolism Disorders	Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)	Disorder, Iron Metabolism,Disorders, Iron Metabolism,Iron Metabolism Disorder,Metabolism Disorder, Iron,Metabolism Disorders, Iron
D020895	Enterocytes	Absorptive cells in the lining of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. They are differentiated EPITHELIAL CELLS with apical MICROVILLI facing the intestinal lumen. Enterocytes are more abundant in the SMALL INTESTINE than in the LARGE INTESTINE. Their microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cell by 14- to 40 fold.	Enterocyte
D023181	Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides	Small cationic peptides that are an important component, in most species, of early innate and induced defenses against invading microbes. In animals they are found on mucosal surfaces, within phagocytic granules, and on the surface of the body. They are also found in insects and plants. Among others, this group includes the DEFENSINS, protegrins, tachyplesins, and thionins. They displace DIVALENT CATIONS from phosphate groups of MEMBRANE LIPIDS leading to disruption of the membrane.	Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide,Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides,Cationic Host Defense Peptides,Host Defense Peptide,Microbicidal Cationic Proteins,Amphipathic Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides,Host Defense Peptides,Antimicrobial Peptide, Cationic,Antimicrobial Peptides, Cationic,Cationic Peptides, Antimicrobial,Cationic Proteins, Microbicidal,Defense Peptide, Host,Defense Peptides, Host,Peptide, Cationic Antimicrobial,Peptide, Host Defense,Peptides, Antimicrobial Cationic,Peptides, Cationic Antimicrobial,Peptides, Host Defense,Proteins, Microbicidal Cationic
D033862	Iron-Binding Proteins	Proteins that specifically bind to IRON.	Iron-Binding Protein,Iron Binding Protein,Iron Binding Proteins,Protein, Iron-Binding