OBJECTIVE To analyze the risk factors that associated with survival of postoperative patients with glioma. METHODS From 2000 to 2006, 522 patients were enrolled in our hospital and were analyzed related risk factors by using Kaplan-Meier's Product-Limit Survival Estimates method, log-rank test and Cox's proportional-hazards model. Analysis of data were performed in SAS 9.1. Results In univariate analysis, age, sex, extent of resection in surgery and pathological grades appeared to be associated with survival rate of the patients (alpha = 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed these four factors were also significant (HR value 0.811, 1.553, 1.634 and 1.429, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression model also showed that age, pathological grades and extent of resection in surgery were main factors affecting the survival of the patients while HR value increased with the ascending class (2.349, 3.826, and 5.062, respectively)with only subtotal excision enter the model (HR = 1.459). Other factors had no statistical importance on survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Age, extent of resection in surgery, pathological grades, chemotherapy after surgery, and radiotherapy after surgery might associate with the prognosis of the patients with glioma.