The activity of single neurons in the region of the substantia nigra of the monkey was recorded during feeding to investigate their function in ingestive behavior. It was observed that some neurons in the substantia nigra and the adjacent tegmentum altered their activity during feeding, in relation to mouth movements. The activity of these neurons was related to mouth movements in that the responses of the units were similar when the monkeys drank fluids with different tastes as long as the same movements were made, in that equally good responses could be obtained when the monkey moved his mouth to non-food objects, and in that in some units opposite responses were obtained when ipsilateral as compared with contralateral mouth movements were made. It was also shown that the responses of these units associated with mouth movements were similar when the monkeys were hungry and when they were satiated. These findings suggest that the activity of some neurons in the region of the substantia nigra is related to the execution of movements which may be involved in feeding, and that the activity of these neurons is not related to the initiation of feeding. Self-stimulation through the recording microelectrodes could be obtained just dorsal to the substantia nigra, but the neural basis of this self-stimulation is not known.