Role of total thyroidectomy in treatment of patients with benign diseases of thyroid gland remains controversial. The hypothesis behind the study is that total thyroidectomy can be performed in all benign thyroid diseases with equal rate of immediate and late complications compared with those of subtotal thyroidectomy. The retrospective case control study was done by reviewing the case records of patients with benign thyroid diseases involving both lobes operated during May, 2002 to September, 2004. The minimum follow-up period was 3 years. Of the 189 patients included in the study 94 underwent total thyroidectomy and 95 patients underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. There was no incidence of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in both groups. Temporary unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis occurred in 3 patients (3.2%) in total thyroidectomy group and 1 (1.1%) patient in subtotal thyroidectomy group, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.307). Temporary hypocalcaemia was noted in 10 patients of total thyroidectomy group (10.6%) and 3 patients of subtotal thyroidectomy group (3.2%). Permanent hypocalcaemia was noted in 2 patients each in total thyroidectomy group and subtotal thyroidectomy group (p = 0.991). Total thyroidectomy is an acceptable alternative to subtotal thyroidectomy in benign diseases, considering the higher rate of postoperative morbidity in recurrent goitres.