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Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs): usefulness in clinical neurotology. 2009

Krister Brantberg
Department of Audiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. krister.brantberg@karolinska.se

Testing vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) may be the most important new clinical test for evaluation of vestibular function developed during the past 100 years since the introduction of the caloric test. VEMPs are easily recordable and therefore suitable for everyday testing in clinical neurotology. VEMPs in response to air-conducted sound stimulation using surface electrodes over the sternocleidomastoid muscles reveal saccular function, inferior vestibular nerve function, and vestibulocollic connections. At present, VEMPs are of clinical importance for estimating the severity of peripheral vestibular damage due to different pathophysiologic processes such as Ménière's disease, vestibular neuritis, and vestibular schwannoma. VEMPs can also be used to document vestibular hypersensitivity to sounds (Tullio phenomenon). In addition, VEMP testing constitutes an electrophysiologic method that is able to detect subclinical lesions in central vestibular pathways in patients with multiple sclerosis. In the near future, testing ocular VEMPs (OVEMPs) in response to bone-conducted vibration may prove to be of clinical importance for the evaluation of utricular function.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008575 Meniere Disease A disease of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is characterized by fluctuating SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; TINNITUS; episodic VERTIGO; and aural fullness. It is the most common form of endolymphatic hydrops. Meniere's Disease,Meniere's Syndrome,Vertigo, Aural,Auditory Vertigo,Aural Vertigo,Ménière Disease,Ménière's Disease,Ménière's Vertigo,Otogenic Vertigo,Auditory Vertigos,Disease, Meniere,Disease, Meniere's,Disease, Ménière,Disease, Ménière's,Diseases, Ménière,Diseases, Ménière's,Meniere Syndrome,Menieres Disease,Menieres Syndrome,Ménière Diseases,Ménière Vertigo,Ménière's Diseases,Ménière's Vertigos,Ménières Disease,Ménières Vertigo,Otogenic Vertigos,Syndrome, Meniere's,Vertigo, Auditory,Vertigo, Ménière's,Vertigo, Otogenic,Vertigos, Auditory,Vertigos, Ménière's,Vertigos, Otogenic
D009103 Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903) MS (Multiple Sclerosis),Multiple Sclerosis, Acute Fulminating,Sclerosis, Disseminated,Disseminated Sclerosis,Sclerosis, Multiple
D009462 Neurology A medical specialty concerned with the study of the structures, functions, and diseases of the nervous system.
D009464 Neuroma, Acoustic A benign SCHWANNOMA of the eighth cranial nerve (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE), mostly arising from the vestibular branch (VESTIBULAR NERVE) during the fifth or sixth decade of life. Clinical manifestations include HEARING LOSS; HEADACHE; VERTIGO; TINNITUS; and FACIAL PAIN. Bilateral acoustic neuromas are associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 2. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p673) Acoustic Neuroma,Melanocytic Vestibular Schwannoma,Schwannoma, Acoustic,Schwannoma, Vestibular,Acoustic Neuroma, Cerebellopontine Angle,Acoustic Tumor,Angle Tumor,Cerebellopontine Angle Acoustic Neuroma,Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor,Neurilemmoma, Acoustic,Neurilemoma, Acoustic,Neurinoma of the Acoustic Nerve,Neurinoma, Acoustic,Neuroma, Acoustic, Unilateral,Vestibular Schwannoma,Acoustic Neurilemmoma,Acoustic Neurilemmomas,Acoustic Neurilemoma,Acoustic Neurilemomas,Acoustic Neurinoma,Acoustic Neurinomas,Acoustic Neuromas,Acoustic Schwannoma,Acoustic Schwannomas,Acoustic Tumors,Angle Tumor, Cerebellopontine,Angle Tumors,Angle Tumors, Cerebellopontine,Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors,Melanocytic Vestibular Schwannomas,Neurilemmomas, Acoustic,Neurilemomas, Acoustic,Neurinomas, Acoustic,Neuromas, Acoustic,Schwannoma, Melanocytic Vestibular,Schwannomas, Acoustic,Schwannomas, Melanocytic Vestibular,Schwannomas, Vestibular,Tumor, Acoustic,Tumor, Angle,Tumor, Cerebellopontine Angle,Tumors, Acoustic,Tumors, Angle,Tumors, Cerebellopontine Angle,Vestibular Schwannoma, Melanocytic,Vestibular Schwannomas,Vestibular Schwannomas, Melanocytic
D010036 Otolaryngology A surgical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of disorders of the ear, nose, and throat. Otology,Otorhinolaryngology,Laryngology
D005071 Evoked Potentials Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported. Event Related Potential,Event-Related Potentials,Evoked Potential,N100 Evoked Potential,P50 Evoked Potential,N1 Wave,N100 Evoked Potentials,N2 Wave,N200 Evoked Potentials,N3 Wave,N300 Evoked Potentials,N4 Wave,N400 Evoked Potentials,P2 Wave,P200 Evoked Potentials,P50 Evoked Potentials,P50 Wave,P600 Evoked Potentials,Potentials, Event-Related,Event Related Potentials,Event-Related Potential,Evoked Potential, N100,Evoked Potential, N200,Evoked Potential, N300,Evoked Potential, N400,Evoked Potential, P200,Evoked Potential, P50,Evoked Potential, P600,Evoked Potentials, N100,Evoked Potentials, N200,Evoked Potentials, N300,Evoked Potentials, N400,Evoked Potentials, P200,Evoked Potentials, P50,Evoked Potentials, P600,N1 Waves,N2 Waves,N200 Evoked Potential,N3 Waves,N300 Evoked Potential,N4 Waves,N400 Evoked Potential,P2 Waves,P200 Evoked Potential,P50 Waves,P600 Evoked Potential,Potential, Event Related,Potential, Event-Related,Potential, Evoked,Potentials, Event Related,Potentials, Evoked,Potentials, N400 Evoked,Related Potential, Event,Related Potentials, Event,Wave, N1,Wave, N2,Wave, N3,Wave, N4,Wave, P2,Wave, P50,Waves, N1,Waves, N2,Waves, N3,Waves, N4,Waves, P2,Waves, P50
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D015837 Vestibular Diseases Pathological processes of the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH which contains part of the balancing apparatus. Patients with vestibular diseases show instability and are at risk of frequent falls. Disease, Vestibular,Diseases, Vestibular,Vestibular Disease
D020338 Vestibular Neuronitis Idiopathic inflammation of the VESTIBULAR NERVE, characterized clinically by the acute or subacute onset of VERTIGO; NAUSEA; and imbalance. The COCHLEAR NERVE is typically spared and HEARING LOSS and TINNITUS do not usually occur. Symptoms usually resolve over a period of days to weeks. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p304) Epidemic Neurolabyrinthitis,Neuritis, Vestibular,Neuronitis, Vestibular,Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathy,Acute Vestibular Neuritis,Episodic Recurrent Vertigo,Recurrent Vestibular Neuritis,Recurrent Vestibulopathy,Subacute Vestibular Neuritis,Vestibular Nerve Inflammation,Vestibular Nerve Neuritis,Vestibular Neuritis,Vestibular Neuropathy,Acute Peripheral Vestibulopathies,Acute Vestibular Neuritides,Epidemic Neurolabyrinthitides,Episodic Recurrent Vertigos,Inflammation, Vestibular Nerve,Inflammations, Vestibular Nerve,Nerve Inflammation, Vestibular,Nerve Inflammations, Vestibular,Nerve Neuritides, Vestibular,Nerve Neuritis, Vestibular,Neuritides, Acute Vestibular,Neuritides, Recurrent Vestibular,Neuritides, Subacute Vestibular,Neuritides, Vestibular,Neuritides, Vestibular Nerve,Neuritis, Acute Vestibular,Neuritis, Recurrent Vestibular,Neuritis, Subacute Vestibular,Neuritis, Vestibular Nerve,Neurolabyrinthitides, Epidemic,Neurolabyrinthitis, Epidemic,Neuronitides, Vestibular,Neuropathies, Vestibular,Neuropathy, Vestibular,Peripheral Vestibulopathies, Acute,Peripheral Vestibulopathy, Acute,Recurrent Vertigo, Episodic,Recurrent Vertigos, Episodic,Recurrent Vestibular Neuritides,Recurrent Vestibulopathies,Subacute Vestibular Neuritides,Vertigo, Episodic Recurrent,Vertigos, Episodic Recurrent,Vestibular Nerve Inflammations,Vestibular Nerve Neuritides,Vestibular Neuritides,Vestibular Neuritides, Acute,Vestibular Neuritides, Recurrent,Vestibular Neuritides, Subacute,Vestibular Neuritis, Acute,Vestibular Neuritis, Recurrent,Vestibular Neuritis, Subacute,Vestibular Neuronitides,Vestibular Neuropathies,Vestibulopathies, Acute Peripheral,Vestibulopathies, Recurrent,Vestibulopathy, Acute Peripheral,Vestibulopathy, Recurrent

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