Biomaterial Database

Influenza B virus causes milder pathogenesis and weaker inflammatory responses in ferrets than influenza A virus. 2009

Yun Hee Kim, and Hyun Soo Kim, and Sung Hwan Cho, and Sang Heui Seo

Laboratory of Influenza Research, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea 305-764.

Abstract It is unknown why the influenza B virus causes less severe clinical signs than the influenza A virus in humans. Here we show that influenza B virus induces a lower levels of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs of infected ferrets, and causes less pathological damage to their lung tissues than does influenza A virus. The copy numbers of inflammatory cytokine genes, such as TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha, was significantly lower in the lungs of ferrets infected with influenza B virus than in those infected with influenza A virus. There were also significantly lower viral titers in the lungs of ferrets infected with the influenza B virus than with the influenza A virus. In addition, the duration of viral presence was shorter in the lungs of ferrets infected with influenza B virus than with influenza A virus. Taken together, our results suggest that the lower induction of inflammatory cytokines and lower viral titers in the lungs may be responsible for the milder clinical signs seen in ferrets or humans infected with influenza B virus.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007249	Inflammation	A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	Innate Inflammatory Response,Inflammations,Inflammatory Response, Innate,Innate Inflammatory Responses
D008168	Lung	Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.	Lungs
D009976	Orthomyxoviridae Infections	Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.	Orthomyxovirus Infections,Infections, Orthomyxoviridae,Infections, Orthomyxovirus,Swine Influenza,Infection, Orthomyxoviridae,Infection, Orthomyxovirus,Influenza, Swine,Orthomyxoviridae Infection,Orthomyxovirus Infection
D009981	Influenza B virus	Species of the genus BETAINFLUENZAVIRUS that cause HUMAN INFLUENZA and other diseases primarily in humans. Antigenic variation is less extensive than in type A viruses (INFLUENZA A VIRUS) and consequently there is no basis for distinct subtypes or variants. Epidemics are less likely than with INFLUENZA A VIRUS and there have been no pandemics. Previously only found in humans, Influenza B virus has been isolated from seals which may constitute the animal reservoir from which humans are exposed.	Betainfluenzavirus influenzae,FLUBV,Human Influenza B Virus,Influenza Viruses Type B,Influenza virus type B,Orthomyxoviruses Type B,Influenza B viruses
D003588	Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral	Visible morphologic changes in cells infected with viruses. It includes shutdown of cellular RNA and protein synthesis, cell fusion, release of lysosomal enzymes, changes in cell membrane permeability, diffuse changes in intracellular structures, presence of viral inclusion bodies, and chromosomal aberrations. It excludes malignant transformation, which is CELL TRANSFORMATION, VIRAL. Viral cytopathogenic effects provide a valuable method for identifying and classifying the infecting viruses.	Cytopathic Effect, Viral,Viral Cytopathogenic Effect,Cytopathic Effects, Viral,Cytopathogenic Effects, Viral,Effect, Viral Cytopathic,Effect, Viral Cytopathogenic,Effects, Viral Cytopathic,Effects, Viral Cytopathogenic,Viral Cytopathic Effect,Viral Cytopathic Effects,Viral Cytopathogenic Effects
D005289	Ferrets	Semidomesticated variety of European polecat much used for hunting RODENTS and/or RABBITS and as a laboratory animal. It is in the subfamily Mustelinae, family MUSTELIDAE.	Domestic Polecat,Domestic Polecats,European Polecat,European Polecats,Ferret,Mustela putorius,Mustela putorius furo,Polecat, Domestic,Polecat, European,Polecats, Domestic,Polecats, European
D005334	Fever	An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	Pyrexia,Fevers,Pyrexias
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012912	Sneezing	The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	Sneezings
D013045	Species Specificity	The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.	Species Specificities,Specificities, Species,Specificity, Species