Autoinflammation: the prominent role of IL-1 in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases and implications for common illnesses. 2009

Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky, and Daniel L Kastner
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. goldbacr@mail.nih.gov

The discovery of the genetic causes of a rare group of immune-mediated inflammatory conditions that mimic infections and allergic conditions in their clinical presentation and the molecular understanding of the function of the mutated molecules in these diseases has led to a revolution in our understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic and local inflammation. The proteins mutated in a number of these so-called autoinflammatory diseases are part of, or regulate the activity of, intracellular molecular complexes, the inflammasomes, that sense "danger" to the body and coordinate an initial immune response. Our understanding of specific triggers of the inflammasomes, coupled with the recognition that inflammasomes are critical for activation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1, has provided a rational and very effective target in the treatment of a number of these rare autoinflammatory diseases. In addition, the ongoing discovery of the role of inflammasomes and IL-1 activation and secretion in a number of genetically complex disorders have fundamentally changed our view of disease pathogenesis in a growing number of disorders that were heretofore not even thought of as "immunologic" diseases.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007375 Interleukin-1 A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation. IL-1,Lymphocyte-Activating Factor,Epidermal Cell Derived Thymocyte-Activating Factor,Interleukin I,Macrophage Cell Factor,T Helper Factor,Epidermal Cell Derived Thymocyte Activating Factor,Interleukin 1,Lymphocyte Activating Factor
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001172 Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated. Rheumatoid Arthritis
D015551 Autoimmunity Process whereby the immune system reacts against the body's own tissues. Autoimmunity may produce or be caused by AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. Autoimmune Response,Autoimmune Responses,Autoimmunities
D017472 Receptors, Interleukin-1 Cell surface receptors that are specific for INTERLEUKIN-1. Included under this heading are signaling receptors, non-signaling receptors and accessory proteins required for receptor signaling. Signaling from interleukin-1 receptors occurs via interaction with SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEINS such as MYELOID DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 88. IL-1 Receptor,IL-1 Receptors,IL1 Receptor,Interleukin-1 Receptor,Interleukin-1 Receptors,Receptor, Interleukin-1,Receptors, IL-1,IL1 Receptors,Interleukin 1 Receptor,IL 1 Receptor,IL 1 Receptors,Interleukin 1 Receptors,Receptor, IL-1,Receptor, IL1,Receptor, Interleukin 1,Receptors, IL 1,Receptors, IL1,Receptors, Interleukin 1
D053590 Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein A ligand that binds to but fails to activate the INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR. It plays an inhibitory role in the regulation of INFLAMMATION and FEVER. Several isoforms of the protein exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA. Anakinra,Antril,IL-1 Inhibitor, Urine,IL-1Ra,IL1 Febrile Inhibitor,Interleukin 1 Inhibitor, Urine,Kineret,Urine-Derived IL1 Inhibitor,Febrile Inhibitor, IL1,IL 1 Inhibitor, Urine,IL1 Inhibitor, Urine-Derived,Urine Derived IL1 Inhibitor,Urine IL-1 Inhibitor
D056587 Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes A group of rare autosomal dominant diseases, commonly characterized by atypical URTICARIA (hives) with systemic symptoms that develop into end-organ damage. The atypical hives do not involve T-cell or autoantibody. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome includes three previously distinct disorders: Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome; Muckle-Wells Syndrome; and CINCA Syndrome, that are now considered to represent a disease continuum, all caused by NLRP3 PROTEIN mutations. CINCA Syndrome,Chronic Infantile Neurological, Cutaneous, and Articular Syndrome,Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndrome,Cryopyrinopathy,Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome,Familial Cold Urticaria,IOMID,Infantile Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease,Muckle-Wells Syndrome,Multisystem Inflammatory Disease, Neonatal-Onset,NOMID,Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease,CINCA,Chronic Infantile Neurologic, Cutaneous, and Articular Syndrome,Chronic Neurologic Cutaneous and Articular Syndrome,Chronic Neurologic, Cutaneous, and Articular Syndrome,Chronic, Infantile, Neurological, Cutaneous, Articular Syndrome,Cold Urticaria, Familial,Cold-Induced Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Familial,FCAS1,Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome 1,Familial Cold-Induced Autoinflammatory Syndrome,IOMID Syndrome,Prieur-Griscelli Syndrome,UDA Syndrome,Urticaria, Deafness and Amyloidosis,Urticaria-Deafness-Amyloidosis Syndrome,Cold Induced Autoinflammatory Syndrome, Familial,Cryopyrin Associated Periodic Syndromes,Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndrome,Cryopyrinopathies,Familial Cold Induced Autoinflammatory Syndrome,Familial Cold Urticarias,IOMID Syndromes,Muckle Wells Syndrome,Multisystem Inflammatory Disease, Neonatal Onset,Prieur Griscelli Syndrome,Prieur-Griscelli Syndromes,Syndrome, IOMID,Syndrome, Muckle-Wells,Syndrome, Prieur-Griscelli,Syndrome, UDA,Syndrome, Urticaria-Deafness-Amyloidosis,UDA Syndromes,Urticaria Deafness Amyloidosis Syndrome,Urticaria, Familial Cold,Urticaria-Deafness-Amyloidosis Syndromes
D056660 Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases Hereditary inflammation conditions, characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation. Common symptoms include recurrent fever, rash, arthritis, fatigue, and secondary AMYLOIDOSIS. Hereditary autoinflammatory diseases are associated with mutations in genes involved in regulation of normal inflammatory process and are not caused by AUTOANTIBODIES, or antigen specific T-LYMPHOCYTES. Hereditary Autoinflammation Diseases,Hereditary Periodic Fever Syndromes,Hereditary Recurrent Fevers,Reimann Periodic Disease,Siegal-Cattan-Mamou Disease,Autoinflammation Disease, Hereditary,Autoinflammation Diseases, Hereditary,Autoinflammatory Disease, Hereditary,Autoinflammatory Diseases, Hereditary,Disease, Hereditary Autoinflammation,Disease, Hereditary Autoinflammatory,Disease, Reimann Periodic,Disease, Siegal-Cattan-Mamou,Diseases, Hereditary Autoinflammation,Diseases, Hereditary Autoinflammatory,Diseases, Reimann Periodic,Fever, Hereditary Recurrent,Fevers, Hereditary Recurrent,Hereditary Autoinflammation Disease,Hereditary Autoinflammatory Disease,Hereditary Recurrent Fever,Periodic Disease, Reimann,Periodic Diseases, Reimann,Recurrent Fever, Hereditary,Recurrent Fevers, Hereditary,Reimann Periodic Diseases,Siegal Cattan Mamou Disease
D018501 Antirheumatic Agents Drugs that are used to treat RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Anti-Rheumatic Agent,Anti-Rheumatic Drug,Antirheumatic Agent,Antirheumatic Disease-Modifying Second-Line Drug,Antirheumatic Drug,DMARD,Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug,Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs,Anti-Rheumatic Agents,Anti-Rheumatic Agents, Non-Steroidal,Anti-Rheumatic Drugs,Antirheumatic Disease-Modifying Second-Line Drugs,Antirheumatic Drugs,Antirheumatic Drugs, Disease-Modifying,Disease-Modifying, Antirheumatic Second-Line Drugs,Agent, Anti-Rheumatic,Agent, Antirheumatic,Anti Rheumatic Agent,Anti Rheumatic Agents,Anti Rheumatic Agents, Non Steroidal,Anti Rheumatic Drug,Anti Rheumatic Drugs,Antirheumatic Disease Modifying Second Line Drug,Antirheumatic Disease Modifying Second Line Drugs,Antirheumatic Drug, Disease-Modifying,Antirheumatic Drugs, Disease Modifying,Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug,Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs,Disease Modifying, Antirheumatic Second Line Drugs,Drug, Anti-Rheumatic,Drug, Antirheumatic,Drug, Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic,Non-Steroidal Anti-Rheumatic Agents
D018805 Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK. Bloodstream Infection,Pyaemia,Pyemia,Pyohemia,Blood Poisoning,Poisoning, Blood,Septicemia,Severe Sepsis,Blood Poisonings,Bloodstream Infections,Infection, Bloodstream,Poisonings, Blood,Pyaemias,Pyemias,Pyohemias,Sepsis, Severe,Septicemias

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