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Metabolomic analysis of uremic toxins by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. 2010

Kaori Kikuchi, and Yoshiharu Itoh, and Ryoko Tateoka, and Atsuko Ezawa, and Kenjiro Murakami, and Toshimitsu Niwa
Biomedical Research Laboratories, Kureha Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.

We applied the metabolomic analysis of comprehensive small-molecular metabolites using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) and principal component analysis to identify uremic toxins accumulated in the serum of chronic renal failure (CRF) rats. CRF rats were produced by 5/6-nephrectomy. Indoxyl sulfate was demonstrated to be the first principal serum metabolite which differentiates CRF from normal, followed by phenyl sulfate, hippuric acid and p-cresyl sulfate. Then, we measured the serum levels of indoxyl sulfate, phenyl sulfate, hippuric acid and p-cresyl sulfate by the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) of LC/ESI-MS/MS, and demonstrated that these serum levels were markedly increased in CRF rats as compared with normal rats. As creatinine clearance decreased, the serum levels of the metabolites increased.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007200 Indican A substance occurring in the urine of mammals and also in blood plasma as the normal metabolite of tryptophan. An increased urinary excretion of indican is seen in Hartnup disease from the bacterial degradation of unabsorbed tryptophan. 1H-Indol-3-ol Hydrogen Sulfate Ester,Indican Monopotassium Salt,Indican Monosodium Salt,Indoxyl Sulfate,Monopotassium Salt, Indican,Monosodium Salt, Indican,Sulfate, Indoxyl
D007668 Kidney Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations. Kidneys
D007676 Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION. ESRD,End-Stage Renal Disease,Renal Disease, End-Stage,Renal Failure, Chronic,Renal Failure, End-Stage,Chronic Kidney Failure,End-Stage Kidney Disease,Chronic Renal Failure,Disease, End-Stage Kidney,Disease, End-Stage Renal,End Stage Kidney Disease,End Stage Renal Disease,End-Stage Renal Failure,Kidney Disease, End-Stage,Renal Disease, End Stage,Renal Failure, End Stage
D008297 Male Males
D002853 Chromatography, Liquid Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid. Liquid Chromatography
D003408 Cresols Any of three isomeric crystalline aromatic methylphenols, also known as hydroxytoluenes.
D004195 Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D006626 Hippurates Salts and esters of hippuric acid.
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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