Seeing all the obstacles in your way: the effect of visual feedback and visual feedback schedule on obstacle avoidance while reaching. 2010

Craig S Chapman, and Melvyn A Goodale
CIHR Group for Action and Perception, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.

Human reaching behaviour displays sophisticated obstacle avoidance. Recently, we demonstrated that the obstacle avoidance system in normal participants is sensitive to both the position and size of obstacles (Chapman and Goodale in Exp Brain Res 191:83-97, 2008). A limitation in this previous study was that reaches were performed without visual feedback, and were not made to a specific target (i.e. the target was a long strip instead of a point). Many studies have shown that both the introduction of visual feedback and the order in which the feedback is presented (visual feedback schedule) significantly alter performance in simple visuomotor tasks (Zelaznik et al. in J Mot Behav 15:217-236, 1983). Thus, the present study was designed to compare obstacle avoidance when reaches were made to a discrete target with vision (V) and with no vision (NV) under different three visual feedback schedules (blocked, random, and alternating). Twenty-four right-handed participants performed reaches in the presence of one, two, or no obstacles placed mid-reach. In addition to replicating previous work with reaching without vision, we showed that robust avoidance behaviour occurred when reaches were made to a specific target, when reaching with only one object present, and, critically, when vision of the hand was available during the reach. Moreover, the visual feedback schedule also had a significant effect on several kinematic measures--but only on the NV trials. That is, regardless of its predictability or recent availability, vision was used in the same way for all reaches. In contrast, performance on blocked-NV trials was markedly different from performance on NV trials presented under random or alternating schedules. In addition to extending our understanding of obstacle avoidance during reaching, our results suggest that, in a complex and more natural reach-to-point task, the human visuomotor system is optimized to use visual feedback.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D009043 Motor Activity Body movements of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon. Activities, Motor,Activity, Motor,Motor Activities
D011597 Psychomotor Performance The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity. Perceptual Motor Performance,Sensory Motor Performance,Visual Motor Coordination,Coordination, Visual Motor,Coordinations, Visual Motor,Motor Coordination, Visual,Motor Coordinations, Visual,Motor Performance, Perceptual,Motor Performance, Sensory,Motor Performances, Perceptual,Motor Performances, Sensory,Perceptual Motor Performances,Performance, Perceptual Motor,Performance, Psychomotor,Performance, Sensory Motor,Performances, Perceptual Motor,Performances, Psychomotor,Performances, Sensory Motor,Psychomotor Performances,Sensory Motor Performances,Visual Motor Coordinations
D005260 Female Females
D006225 Hand The distal part of the arm beyond the wrist in humans and primates, that includes the palm, fingers, and thumb. Hands
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001696 Biomechanical Phenomena The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces. Biomechanics,Kinematics,Biomechanic Phenomena,Mechanobiological Phenomena,Biomechanic,Biomechanic Phenomenas,Phenomena, Biomechanic,Phenomena, Biomechanical,Phenomena, Mechanobiological,Phenomenas, Biomechanic
D013647 Task Performance and Analysis The detailed examination of observable activity or behavior associated with the execution or completion of a required function or unit of work. Critical Incident Technique,Critical Incident Technic,Task Performance,Task Performance, Analysis,Critical Incident Technics,Critical Incident Techniques,Incident Technic, Critical,Incident Technics, Critical,Incident Technique, Critical,Incident Techniques, Critical,Performance, Analysis Task,Performance, Task,Performances, Analysis Task,Performances, Task,Task Performances,Task Performances, Analysis,Technic, Critical Incident,Technics, Critical Incident,Technique, Critical Incident,Techniques, Critical Incident
D013997 Time Factors Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations. Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor
D014796 Visual Perception The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience. Visual Processing,Perception, Visual,Processing, Visual

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