Membraneless enzymatic biofuel cells based on graphene nanosheets. 2010

Chang Liu, and Subbiah Alwarappan, and Zhongfang Chen, and Xiangxing Kong, and Chen-Zhong Li
Nanobioengineering/Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 W Flagler Street, Miami, FL 33174, USA.

The possibility of employing graphene sheets as a potential candidate for the construction of biofuel cells is reported in this paper. Initially, graphene sheets were chemically synthesized and characterized by surface characterization techniques. Following this, graphene was employed to fabricate the anode and cathode in the biofuel cell. The anode of the biofuel cell consists of a gold electrode on which we co-immobilized graphene - glucose oxidase using silica sol-gel matrix. Voltammetric measurements were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the suitability of employing graphene sheets as an electrode dopant and its performance was compared with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The cathode of the biofuel cell was constructed in a similar method except that graphene was co-immobilized with bilirubin oxidase. Finally, two membraneless enzymatic biofuel cells, one using graphene sheets and the other using SWCNTs, were constructed and their performances were compared. Upon comparison, graphene based biofuel cell exhibited a maximum power density of about 24.3+/-4 microW (N=3), which is nearly two times greater than that of the SWCNTs biofuel cell, and the performance of the graphene biofuel cell lasted for 7 days.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008567 Membranes, Artificial Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION. Artificial Membranes,Artificial Membrane,Membrane, Artificial
D004867 Equipment Design Methods and patterns of fabricating machines and related hardware. Design, Equipment,Device Design,Medical Device Design,Design, Medical Device,Designs, Medical Device,Device Design, Medical,Device Designs, Medical,Medical Device Designs,Design, Device,Designs, Device,Designs, Equipment,Device Designs,Equipment Designs
D005947 Glucose A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement. Dextrose,Anhydrous Dextrose,D-Glucose,Glucose Monohydrate,Glucose, (DL)-Isomer,Glucose, (alpha-D)-Isomer,Glucose, (beta-D)-Isomer,D Glucose,Dextrose, Anhydrous,Monohydrate, Glucose
D006108 Graphite An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation. Graphene
D001674 Bioelectric Energy Sources Electric power supply devices which convert biological energy, such as chemical energy of metabolism or mechanical energy of periodic movements, into electrical energy. Power Sources, Bioelectric,Biobatteries,Biofuel Cells,Microbial Fuel Cells,Biobattery,Bioelectric Energy Source,Bioelectric Power Source,Bioelectric Power Sources,Biofuel Cell,Cell, Biofuel,Cell, Microbial Fuel,Cells, Biofuel,Cells, Microbial Fuel,Energy Source, Bioelectric,Energy Sources, Bioelectric,Fuel Cell, Microbial,Fuel Cells, Microbial,Microbial Fuel Cell,Power Source, Bioelectric,Source, Bioelectric Energy,Source, Bioelectric Power,Sources, Bioelectric Energy,Sources, Bioelectric Power
D049329 Nanostructures Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES. Nanomaterials,Nanostructured Materials,Material, Nanostructured,Materials, Nanostructured,Nanomaterial,Nanostructure,Nanostructured Material
D018407 Bacterial Physiological Phenomena Physiological processes and properties of BACTERIA. Bacterial Physiology,Bacterial Processes,Bacterial Physiological Concepts,Bacterial Physiological Phenomenon,Bacterial Process,Physiology, Bacterial,Bacterial Physiological Concept,Concept, Bacterial Physiological,Concepts, Bacterial Physiological,Phenomena, Bacterial Physiological,Phenomenon, Bacterial Physiological,Process, Bacterial,Processes, Bacterial
D019544 Equipment Failure Analysis The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices. Materials Failure Analysis,Prosthesis Failure Analysis,Analysis, Equipment Failure,Analysis, Materials Failure,Analysis, Prosthesis Failure,Analyses, Equipment Failure,Analyses, Materials Failure,Analyses, Prosthesis Failure,Equipment Failure Analyses,Failure Analyses, Equipment,Failure Analyses, Materials,Failure Analyses, Prosthesis,Failure Analysis, Equipment,Failure Analysis, Materials,Failure Analysis, Prosthesis,Materials Failure Analyses,Prosthesis Failure Analyses
D037742 Nanotubes, Carbon Nanometer-sized tubes composed mainly of CARBON. Such nanotubes are used as probes for high-resolution structural and chemical imaging of biomolecules with ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY. Buckytubes,Carbon Nanotubes,Nanoribbons,Buckytube,Carbon Nanotube,Nanoribbon,Nanotube, Carbon

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