O-Silylated C3-halohydrins as a novel class of protected building blocks for total, regio- and stereocontrolled synthesis of glycerolipid frameworks. 2010

Stephan D Stamatov, and Jacek Stawinski
Department of Chemical Technology, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen St., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria.

We propose O-silylated C3-halohydrins [1(3)-O-silyl-2-O-acyl-, 1,2(2,3)-O-bis(silyl)-, and 1(3)-O-acyl-2-O-silyl-3(1)-halo-sn-glycerides] as new chirons in the total synthesis of glycerolipid constructs. These are efficiently producible via opening of the oxirane ring of the corresponding glycidyl derivatives and permit (i) displacement of the iodine by a requisite carboxylate in the presence of O-triisopropylsilyl (O-TIPS), O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl (O-TBDMS), and O-acyl substituents; (ii) selective acylation across an appropriate silyloxy system [e.g., O-TBDMS or O-triethylsilyl (O-TES)] of monoesterified haloglycerides; (iii) direct exchange of an O-silyl protection (e.g., O-TBDMS or O-TIPS) for a trichloroacetyl group; (iv) conversion of a terminal TBDMS group into the corresponding trifluoroacetate without affecting O-TIPS-, O-acyl- and iodo functions. The above transformations secure flexible routes to a variety of otherwise difficult-to-access key-intermediates [e.g., 1,2(2,3)-O-bis(acyl)-3(1)-trichloroacetyl-, 1,3-O-bis(acyl)-2-trichloroacetyl-, 1,2(2,3)-O-bis(acyl)-3(1)-O-TBDMS/TIPS-, 1,3-O-bis(acyl)-2-O-TIPS/TBDMS-, 1(3)-O-acyl-2-O-TIPS-, 1,2(2,3)-O-bis(acyl)-3(1)-iodo-sn-glycerols, etc.] and lend themselves to a powerful methodology for the preparation of di- and triacylglycerols as well as glycerol-based cationic lipids. The reactions involved are entirely regio- and stereospecific, avoid acyl migration, and can provide target compounds with a chosen absolute configuration from a single synthetic precursor.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008055 Lipids A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) Lipid
D005989 Glycerides GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS. Acylglycerol,Acylglycerols
D005990 Glycerol A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, or sweetening agent. 1,2,3-Propanetriol,Glycerin,1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane,Glycerine
D013237 Stereoisomerism The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed) Molecular Stereochemistry,Stereoisomers,Stereochemistry, Molecular,Stereoisomer
D013379 Substrate Specificity A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts. Specificities, Substrate,Specificity, Substrate,Substrate Specificities

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